42 



pie essential to the success of all grafting. 

 By shaving off the bark of the scion entirely 

 around its lower end, more of its sap-vessels 

 are brought in contact with those of the 

 stock, and its growth is therefore rendered 

 more certain. The joint must now be bound 

 with strong matting, or tarred rope (old ship- 

 rigging.) In applying the bandage, it should 

 be wound, so as to bind the scion against the 

 undisturbed bark of the vertical portion of the 

 slit. Cover with the composition as before. 

 Fruit-bearing spurs of the Pear or Apple, in- 

 serted in this way, sometimes bear the same 

 season in which they are grafted. 



This mode of grafting cannot be performed, 

 until the sap of the tree flows freely, say 

 about the tenth of May, or later for most 

 kinds of trees. 



In-arch grafting. This mode is used when 

 others will scarcely succeed. The two trees 

 must stand close to each other. A twig of 

 each, without being cut from its tree, must be 

 pared with a long corresponding slanting cut, 

 and the two raw edges must be fitted nicely, 

 and bound firmly together, and the joint cover- 

 ed with the composition. When the union has 

 taken place, the trees are so separated, as to 



