In vineyards, vines may be planted about 

 eight feet apart each way, and trained each 

 one to a strong stake, something after the 

 manner of cultivating hops. For training 

 the grape upon a trellis, see page 85th. 



Pruning and Training. Never, if avoid- 

 able, touch the knife to a grape-vine (for 

 heavy pruning,) except in late autumn, or in 

 the winter ; for its appearance and health are 

 injured by the bleeding which results from 

 spring pruning. When your vine is formed, 

 according to the plan described in Chap. VI. . 

 of Part L, cut down all the shoots at the time 

 above-mentioned to within two or three buds 

 of the old or last year's wood ; Downing 

 says cut the shoots down to within an inch of 

 the shoot from which they sprung. 



This Shortening-in, $., (somewhat similar 

 that of the peach,) is about all the pruning 

 that our native out-door grapes require, and 

 they often succeed admirably without any 

 training or pruning at all. Downing, however, 

 recommends very severe pruning; he consid- 

 ers a space eight feet square to be as much 

 surface as a native grape vine ought to be 

 allowed to cover. ' 



Grafting the Grape. This has been done 



