229 



patiently and systematically he will be able to acquaint 

 himself with a score or more of birds during any summer 

 month. When a new bird is seen, the observer should 

 write an accurate description of it in his notebook, giving 

 the length from the tip of the bill to the end of the tail; 

 the color of the crown and sides of the head, back, wings, 

 tail, breast, and belly; length, shape, and color of the bill; 



Occiput Forehead 

 x -Lores 



Upper Ma n dible 



werMandible 



Lateral Hectn 

 iMiddle 



Rectrices ^ \ 



(Hallux) 



IjinerToe 

 Middle Toe 



Outer Toe 

 FIG. 263. Names used in describing a bird. Drawing by Reese. 



length, position, and arrangement of the tail feathers; and 

 the method of feeding and manner of flight as well as its 

 characteristic song. Such a record will enable one to 

 identify the stranger by comparison with the descriptions 

 given in such books as " Bird Neighbors " or Chapman's 

 " Bird Life." The brief descriptions and illustrations in 

 the following pages will help the pupil to determine the 

 names of some species. 



