268 VERTEBRATA 



reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is a native of Siberia whence 

 over fifteen hundred animals have been imported into 

 Alaska since 1892, and they have multiplied to the number 

 of several thousand. During the last few years the United 

 States Government has granted annually twenty-five 



FIG. 304. Skull of a deer with the lower jaw removed. The burr at the base of 

 the antler shows where it separates. The absence of upper incisors and 

 canine teeth is characteristic of ruminants (cud chewers). 



thousand dollars for the purpose of making the reindeer 

 a permanent resource for food and domestic service among 

 the Eskimos. 



The camel of Africa, the 'llama of South America, and 

 the elephant of Africa and Asia have been trained to render 

 valuable service to man . The water sacs, which are numer- 



