80 Practical Forestry 



peculiarly fitted for planting as shelter in exposed and 

 maritime districts. In the formation of seaside plantations, 

 but particularly where, from the frequency and force of 

 the storms, few trees can succeed, I have planted the ever- 

 green oak with the greatest success. 



The trees just treated of have no equals, among such as 

 have yet been introduced, for withstanding cold seaside 

 winds, a trial of many other varieties only resulting in 

 proving their unfitness for planting in such situations. 

 Two or three others, such as the English Oak, Hornbeam, 

 Beech and English Elm, might be added to the list, 

 but they can only be recommended for planting where at 

 least partial shelter is afforded. 



CONIFERJS 



Foremost amongst these I must, from long personal 

 experience and a fair trial of several kinds under exactly 

 similar conditions in every way, place the Austrian Pine 

 (Pinus austriaca). It grows with unusual freedom, and 

 affords a greater amount of shelter than any other tree with 

 which I am at present acquainted. 



That it will succeed equally well with the P. Pinaster 

 when subjected to the sea-breeze, I am now fully con- 

 vinced, while the amount of shelter it affords, and rapidity 

 of growth, place it far ahead of that species for the purpose 

 we are now considering. It may not succeed so well as 

 the Pinaster when planted in pure sand, on the sea-coast, 

 and this is the only point that can be adduced in favour 

 of the latter species over P. austriaca. 



In forming many large woods along the coast of Northern 

 England I used the Austrian pine in preference to several 

 others, and happily, too, for it has succeeded in a surprising 

 manner, trees of ten years' growth being fully 13 ft. in 

 height, and nearly as much in diameter of branch spread. 

 With such a screen as that afforded by the hardy Austrian, 

 many half-tender trees can be planted farther inland ; 

 and this is the method of procedure that I have found to 

 be most successful in getting up shelter along bare and fully 



