200 Practical Forestry 



The only remedy is to collect the cone-like excrescences 

 and have them destroyed, except in the case of badly- 

 infested trees, which should be cut down and burned. 



The Elm Tree Destroyer (Scolytus destructor) is about 

 one-fifth of an inch long, stout and cylindrical, and usually 

 confines its depredations to the elm. 



In the beginning of June this beetle bores into the inner 

 bark, where it forms galleries, along the margins of which 

 are laid the eggs. Cutting down and burning badly- 

 attacked trees is the best remedy, but promoting exuberant 

 health of the infested specimens by means of enriching the 

 soil has been attended with promising results. 



The Goat Moth (Cossus ligniperda) is most frequently 

 found on the willow, oak, lime and other trees. Being not 

 only one of our largest native moths, but also one of the 

 most destructive, its ravages are much dreaded, the holes 

 or tunnels made by the moth being of large size large 

 enough to admit the little finger. Filling up the tunnels 

 with a mixture of soot, lime and cow manure is an excellent 

 remedy. 



The Lackey Moth (Clisiocampa neustria). so called from 

 the gay colours of the caterpillar, is another destructive 

 woodland pest, eating wholesale the leaves of the oak, elm, 

 beech, poplar and most fruit trees. 



In April and May the caterpillars are hatched, when the 

 leaves are just unfolding. They form a nest or web of silken 

 hairs, generally amongst the smaller branches, in which they 

 live during the day, sallying forth in the evening to feed on 

 the tender foliage. Being very plentiful, they are usually 

 difficult to deal with, but hand-picking and destroying the 

 cocoons are the only practicable methods of meeting the evil. 



The Winter Moth (Cheimatobia brumata) and the Lime 

 Looper Moth (Hybernia defolaria). The caterpillars of 

 both these moths are very destructive to the leaves of elms, 

 limes and willows, but particularly to the buds of the apple 

 tree. 



When full grown they descend to the ground, where they 

 cover themselves and become chrysalides, from which the 

 moths appear from October to December. 



