196 INTELLIGENCE IN INSECTS 
to its nest. After chewing the caterpillar for some time 
the wasp bit it in two and rolled up one of the partsin order to 
carry it away. As if it had in mind returning for the other 
piece the wasp circled about, forming larger and larger 
circles, then departed for a distance, but returned as if to 
get another look at the situation and flew away. In less 
than two minutes the wasp again appeared on the scene, 
having probably disposed of its burden in its nest. It had 
difficulty in finding the remainder of the caterpillar and re- 
turned repeatedly to the same seed pods near which the prey 
was located. Whenever in flying about it came near the 
pods it would alight and continue the search on foot. Its 
persevering efforts were rewarded by the discovery of the 
remainder of the caterpillar; then it seized its prey eagerly, 
and ‘as if there was nothing more to come back for, flew 
straight to its nest without taking any further note of the 
locality.” 
Similar behavior is shown in the trial flight of bees. When 
young bees, or bees which have been carried into a new place, 
make their first excursions from the hive they circle about as 
they rise through the air before venturing very faraway. Only 
after having flown back and forth from the hive several 
times do they finally come to dispense with their preliminary 
movements of exploration. If young bees are removed 
~from the hive, even for only a short distance, before they 
have made their trial flight, they fail to find their way back. 
On the other hand, old bees may be removed for a long 
distance and almost all succeed in returning. The distance 
from which bees are able to find their way home depends upon 
the character of their surroundings, and particularly upon 
the distances they have been in the habit of going for 
honey. Romanes took bees from a hive which was situated 
near the sea, carried them in a boat a short distance from 
