198 INTELLIGENCE IN INSECTS 
position of the old one the bee would work upon it as if 
unaware of the substitution. The same trait is shown in 
the interesting experiments of Turner on the homing of bur- 
rowing bees. Melissodes, the first form worked with, digs 
holes in the ground and makes excursions from the nest at 
quite regular intervals. During the bee’s absence a rect- 
angular piece of white paper with a hole in the center was 
placed over the nest so that the hole of the paper coincided 
with that of the burrow. The bee when returning circled 
about the nest, hovered over the paper, and then circled 
about again; after repeating such performances for two min- 
utes she entered the nest. On her next return she hovered 
about for half a minute and made her entrance. During 
her next absence a hole was made in the ground about four 
inches away and covered by the white paper as before, 
while a piece of watermelon rind with a hole in the center 
was placed over the burrow. When the bee returned she 
hovered over the melon rind and circled about for a minute 
as if appreciating that things were not quite as they should 
be and then entered her nest. The melon rind was then 
removed and a rectangular piece of white paper was arched 
over the nest so as to form a covering open at either end. 
The piece of paper with the hole in the center was left where 
it was in the preceding experiment. When the bee returned 
she circled around for about a minute and then went into 
the hole in the middle of this paper. The insect was deceived, 
but only temporarily, for she quickly came out of the artificial 
hole, entered one end of the tent-like covering, and found 
her hole. The arrangements were left undisturbed during 
the next three flights of the bee, and the insect found her 
nest with little loss of time, as she did also when the tent 
was turned at right angles to its previous position. 
In another experiment the tent was removed for a short 
