INTELLIGENCE IN INSECTS 203 
according to another prominent student of conservative 
judgment, Professor Lloyd Morgan, is furnished by the 
observations of the Peckhams on a solitary wasp Ammophila 
which, after filling up its hole with dirt even with the surface 
of the ground, picked up a small pebble in her mandibles and 

Fic. 14.—The wasp Ammophila using a stone to pound down the dirt 
in its hole. (After Peckham.) 
used it to pound in the loose dirt placed in the hole, “ Before 
we could recover from our astonishment at this performance,” 
write the Peckhams, ‘“‘she had dropped her stone and was 
bringing more earth, and in a moment we saw her pick 
up the pebble and again pound the earth into place with it. 
Once more the whole process was repeated, and then the 
little creature flew away.” According to Morgan, “here 
