290 
Loeb, J., 10, 17, 31, 61, conscious- 
ness in animals, 4, 6 
Amphipyra, tropisms of, 36 
geotaxis in Antennularia, 30; 
in Cerianthus, 30; in 
insects, 32 
Gonionemus, rhythmic con- 
tractions of, 16 
heliotropism, 19, 41, 46 
photokinesis and phototaxis, 
41 
phototaxis, change of in cope- 
pods, Gammarus and Pol- 
ygordius, 49 
stereotropism, 33 
theory of tropisms, 18-21, 60 
Loxocephalus, forming groups, 24 
Loxophyllum, behavior, 16, 25, 35, 
79-81, 141 
chemotaxis, 25 
reaction of pieces, 80 
reactions to repeated stimula- 
tion, 141 
rhythms, 16 
thigmotaxis, 35 
Lubbock, Sir J., 216, communica- 
tion in ants, 214; in bees, 
215 
homing of bees, 193 
intelligence of ants, 211-214 
intelligence of wasp, 192 
Lukas, F., 17 
Lyon, E. P., compensatory mo- 
tions, 40 
phototaxis in Palemonetes, 
49, 56 
rheotaxis in fishes, 37, 38, 57 
Mactra, reaction to shadows, 41 
Magpie, imitation, 257 
Mammals, intelligence, 232 ff 
compensatory motions, 39 
Man, instincts of, 100 
Marshall, H. R., 10, 179 
Massart, J., chemotaxis absent in 
Polytoma, 25 
INDEX 
Massart, J., effect of temperature 
on phototaxis of Chrom- 
ulina, 49 
geotaxis in lower organisms, 29 
Mast, S. O., 61, 89; Arenicola 
larvee, phototaxis of, 53 
Didinium, behavior of, 77-79; 
Eudendrium, phototaxis, 52; 
Stentor, phototaxis, 44 
Maxwell, S., thigmotaxis of Nereis, 
36 
May-fly. See Heptagenia. 
McCook, H. C., 216 
Mendelssohn, M., 61 
Metalnikow, S., food taking in 
Paramececium, 72 
Metridium, food taking, 151 
varied reactions of, 160, 161 
Michener, E. J., effect of chemicals 
on phototaxis, 50 
Migration, in birds, 108 
Mills, T. W., 258 
Milne-Edwards, H., intelligence of 
animals, 260 
Minkiewicz, C., 61, disguisement of 
spider crabs, 104 
reactions to colored lights, 47 
Mobius, K., 231, 279, intelligence 
of pike, 219, 220 
intelligence of a chimpanzee, 
266 
Mocking-bird, imitation, 257 
Moggridge, J. T., on young trap 
door spiders, 98 
Molluses, change of responsiveness 
to light and shadows, 143 
intelligence, 187-189 
Molothrus, imperfect egg-laying 
instinct, 96 
Monkeys, 260 ff 
Montgomery, T. H., 
Epeiras, 98 
Moore,A., geotaxis in Parameecium, 
30 
Moore, A. R., habit formation in 
starfish, 154, 155 
on young 
