INDEX 
Torrey, H. B., geotaxis in Cory- 
morpha, 31 
geotaxis in Sagartia, 30 
Tortoise, intelligence, 229, 230 
Towle, E., phototaxis of Cypri- 
dopsis, 50 
Triplett, N., 231, intelligence of 
perch, 220, 221 
Triton, intelligence, 227 
Tropisms, 2, 18 ff 
Turner, C. H., 216, homing of 
burrowing bees, 198, 199 
homing of mud dauber, 200 
Twain, Mark, imbecility of ants, 95 
Uexkill, J. von, 17, 163, 190, intelli- 
gence in Eledone, 189 
tonus, 149 
Verworn, M., 62, 90, function of 
statocyst in Ctenophores, 
30 
geotaxis, 34 
thigmotaxis, 34 
thigmotaxis in Oxytricha, 35 
Voltaire, 91 
Volvox, phototaxis, 47 
Vorticella, change of behavior, 89 
reactions, 15 
rhythms, 16 
Wagner, G., reactions of Hydra, 
141, 145 
Wagner, M., 217, bumble bees, 208, 
209, 215 
communication in bees, 215 
homing of bees, 193 
Wallace, A. R., 280 
Walter, H. E., 62, reactions of 
planarians to changes of 
light intensity, 142-143; 
to repeated jarring, 141 
Walton, C. L. See Fleure, 159. 
Washburn, M. F., 10 
Washburn, M. F., and Bentley, I. 
M., 231 
295 
Washburn, M. F., intelligence of 
chub, 222 
Wasmann, E., 10, 114, 217, com- 
munication in ants, 214 
courage in bees, 207 
imitation in ants, 210, 254 
intelligence of animals, nature 
of, 181 
intelligence of ants, 193, 205, 
211 
intelligence of apes, 268, 276, 
277 
plasticity of behavior, 139 
Wasps, homing, 193-196, 200, 201 
intelligence, 192-196, 200, 201, 
203, 204 
instincts, 119, 120, 131, 132 
Watkins, G. P., 90 
Watson, J. B., 258, 280, imitation 
in monkeys, 270, 272 
Weismann, A., 138, contra La- 
marckism, 127 
Wheeler, W. M., 217, imitation in 
ants, 209, 210 
White, G., intelligence in tortoise, 
229, 230 
Whitman, C. O., 138, evolution of 
instinct, 115, 116, 121,135 
Lamarckism, 124 
intelligence of Necturus, 227 
origin of instincts in pigeons, 
135 
varied behavior of Clepsine, 111 
Willcox, M. A., 190 
Witmer, L., 280, intelligence of 
chimpanzee, 266, 267 
imitation in chimpanzee, 272, 
273 
Wodsedalek, J., intelligence of 
May-fly nymph, 192 
Wundt, W., 138, origin of instinct, 
118 
Yerkes, A. W., 163, reactions of 
Hydroides to shadows, 
142 
