58 EVOLUTION AND RELIGION 



1. Abstain from all solid food after midday. 



2. Abstain from dances, singing, and theatrical per- 

 formances. 



3. Abstain from all ornaments or perfumery in dress. 



4. Abstain from a lofty and luxurious couch. 



5. Abstain from taking either gold or silver. 



For the monks or ascetics he added five others, still 

 more severe. 



1. Dress in rags, sewed with your own hands, using 

 a yellow cloak to throw over your rags. 



2. Eat the simplest of food, owning nothing save 

 what you may receive in your wooden bowl by asking 

 alms from door to door. 



3. Partake of only one meal a day and that before 

 noon. 



4. Live in the forests for a part of each year, and 

 under no shelter but the shadow of a tree, sitting on 

 your carpet even during sleep; to lie down is forbidden. 



5. You may enter neighboring villages to beg for 

 food, but you must return to your forests before night- 

 fall. 1 



ESSENTIAL VIRTUES 



The duties of man as a peacemaker are strictly en- 

 joined; the duty of humility, the duty of hospitality to 

 strangers. The essential virtues demanded of each, 

 which will conduct to Nirvana, are, however, alms- 

 giving or charity, purity, patience, courage, contempla- 



J Max Miiller, Chips from a German Workshop, vol. I. p. 244. 

 See also James F. Clarke, Ten Great Religions, p. 156. 



