So 



A MANUAL OF FORESTRY 



The operation consists in removing older trees which, by their 

 widespreading crowns are interfering with a younger growth that 

 it is desired to favor. Unlike cleanings where the trees removed 

 differ in age from those left by only a few years, liberation 



Fig. 26. A liberation cutting is needed to remove the large oak to free the young growth 

 which is already feeling the effects of the crowding. 



cuttings remove trees of a much older age class than the re- 

 mainder of the stand. 



A study of the diagrams of cleanings and liberation cuttings 

 on page 81 will make this point clear. Two diagrams of libera- 

 tion cuttings are given. The first is in a very young stand of 

 seedlings with large trees high above them. This form is very 



