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A MANUAL OF FORESTRY 



After taking off the crop of buckwheat they allowed the area to 

 grow up to pine, and gathered the pine cones from the piles 

 which the squirrels had collected in the woods. 



Throughout New England much land formerly pastured is 

 now growing up to brush and trees. For a long time this land 

 was kept clean by cattle and sheep, but the rapid decline in the 

 amount of live stock raised in the East has allowed the reversion 

 of many pastures to forests. Where forest seedlings have come 



Fig. 42. A pure stand of hard maple ready for a selection cutting. Note the abundance 

 of hard maple seedlings and saplings which have started owing to protection from 

 grazing. 



up in land still pastured, examination will show that many of 

 them have been eaten or broken off by the animals. A common 

 practice is to allow domestic animals to pasture in wood lots, 

 where they do a great deal of damage, the character of which 

 depends on the kind of animal. 



Cattle are more inclined to rub against little pines and other 



