108 A MANUAL OF FORESTRY 



of the needles. Individually they are almost too small to be 

 seen with the naked eye, but their number at this stage is legion. 

 They soon attach themselves to the tender bark of young twigs, 

 increase rapidh' in size and darken down to brown or black, 

 and all the while exude a substance which nearly conceals them. 

 Maturity is reached about the last of May when the females 

 deposit eggs for another brood. During the summer there may 

 be several broods and at last females with wings appear. 



Treatment . -The aphid has several natural enemies, the 

 most effective being certain varieties of lady bugs. Where a 

 hydrant is near the insects can be washed off by a forcible stream 

 of cold water. A spray of kerosene emulsion or whale-oil soap 

 is efficient. One pound of the soap to four gallons of water 

 makes a good mixture. However, in forestry it is usually im- 

 practicable as well as unnecessary to use preventive measures. 



I'm; EUROPEAN PINE-SHOOT MOTH (Evetria buoliana). 1 



Form of Damage. This insect attacks all species of pine, 

 eating the inside of new buds and killing or deforming the young 

 twigs. In severe attacks repeated for several years hardly a 

 single bud escapes and the trees are stunted into small bushes. 

 When slightly attacked the terminal shoots are badly deformed. 



Trees between six and fifteen years are commonly attacked, 

 although both younger and older ones are not immune. Trees 

 over thirty years of age are not often seriously affected. 



The pine-shoot moth is considered in Europe one of the most 

 injurious forest insects. Introduced into this country several 

 years ago it is now reported from twenty localities in the states 

 of Illinois, Ohio, W. Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, New 

 Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts. As yet 

 it has been found only in nurseries and in private parks. This 

 may be due to lack of complete investigation or to the slow spread 

 of the insect. 



1 See U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Bulletin 170. Contributed by the Bureau of 

 Entomology. "The Eunipe.-m Pine-Shoot Moth A Serious Menace to Pine 

 Timber in America." 



