UTILIZATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS 



177 



for the practice of forestry. As an example of Tog grading, the 

 following specifications of a Vermont manufacturer may be given: 



LOG GRADING RULES SEASON 1912-1913. 



Pine: 



No. i pine shall be at least 12 inches in diameter and free 

 from knots and all defects, except that not to exceed 3 

 or 4 small hard knots may be admitted. 



No. 2 pine shall include all logs of fair quality, 9 inches and 

 above in diameter not included in No. i grade. 



No. 3 pine shall include all logs less than 9 inches in diameter 

 and all logs which, by reason of defects of any kind, are 

 not included in the other grades. No log measured 

 under 6 inches. 



PRICES PAID FOR LOGS AT BRISTOL MILLS. 



For pine No. i and No. 2, cut 14 feet long, $i more is paid 

 than the above prices. 



Lumber is spoken of as " sawed alive," or " through and 

 through," when the log is not turned over in sawing, and both 

 edges of each board have the bark on. In distinction to this is 

 " square edged" lumber when the log is turned over in sawing so 

 that the slabs are removed before the boards are sawed out. 



In the marketing of lumber a careful study should be made of 

 what each kind of lumber is best adapted for and where the best 

 prices can be secured. To assist the timber owner the following 

 partial list of wood-using industries is included. 



Veneer. The manufacture of veneer requires logs of the best 

 quality. They must be at least 10 inches in diameter inside the 

 bark and must be sound so that they can be firmly held in the 

 machine. Practically all the veneer made from native species 

 is made by revolving the log against a knife. Because of the 



