ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 



5» 



Imitation in Chicks. 



No. 64 learned to get out of a certain pen (16 x 10 inches) 

 by crawling under the wire screening at a certain spot. There 

 was also a chance to get out by walking up an inclined plane 

 and then jumping down. No. dd was put in witli 64. After 9 

 minutes, 20 seconds, 66 went out by the inclined plane, although 

 64 had in the mean time crawled out under the screen 9 times. 

 (As soon as he got out and ate a little he was put back.) It 

 was impossible to judge how many of these times 66 really saw 

 64 do this. He was looking in that direction 5 of the times. 

 So also, in three more trials, 66 used the inclined plane, though 

 64 crawled under each time. 67 was then tried. In 4 minutes, 

 10 seconds, he crawled under, 64 having done so twice. Being 

 then put in alone^ he, without the chance to imitate, still crawled 

 under. So probably he went under luhcn zvith 64 not by imi- 

 tation but by accident, just as 64 had learned the thing himself. 



The accompanying figure (17) shows the apparatus used in 

 the next experiment. A represents the top of a box (5x4 

 inches), 13 inches above the level of the floor, C. On the floor 

 C were the chicks and food. B is the top of a box 10 inches 

 high. Around the edges of A except the one next B a wire 

 screen was placed, and 65 was repeatedly put upon A until he 

 learned to go quickly back to C via B. Then the screen was 

 bent outward at X so that a chick could barely squeeze through 

 and down (A to C). Eleven chicks were then one at a time 

 placed on A with 65. In every case but one they went A-C. 

 In the case of the chick (75) who went A-B-C, there could 

 have been no imitation, for he went down dr/orc 6^ did. One 

 other went through the hole before 65 went to B. The remain- 



