5 2 E. L. THORNDIKE. 



inf^ nine all had a chance to imitate 65 and to save the uncom- 

 fortable struggle to get through the hole, 65 going A-B-C 8 

 times before 68 went A-C, 2 times when with 66 and 76, once 

 in the case of each of the others. 



In still another experiment the apparatus was (as shown in 

 figure 18) a pen 14 inches square, 10 inches high, with a wire 

 screen in front and a hole 3)^ inches square in the back. This 

 hole opened into a passage-way (B) leading around to C. where 

 were the other chicks and food. Chicks who had failed, when 

 put in alone, to find the way out, were put in with other chicks 

 who had learned the way, to see if by seeing them go out they 

 would learn the way. Chick 70 was given 4 trials alone, being 

 left in the box 76 minutes all told. He was then given 9 trials 

 (165 minutes) with another chick who went out via B 36 times. 

 70 failed to follow him on any occasion. The trials were all 

 given in the course of two days. Chick 73 failed in i trial 

 (12 minutes) to get out of himself, and was. then given 4 trials 

 (94 minutes) with another chick who went out via B 33 times. 

 In this experiment, as in all others reported, sure evidence that 

 the animals wanted to get out, was afforded by their persistent 

 peckings and jumpings at the screen or bars that stood between 

 them and C. Chick 72, after 8 unsuccessful trials alone (41 

 minutes), was given 8 trials with a chance to imitate. After the 

 other chick had gone out 44 times, 72 did go out. He did not 

 follow the other but went 20 seconds later. It depends upon 

 one's general opinion whether one shall attribute this one case 

 out of three to accident or imitation. 



I also took two chicks, one of whom learned to escape from 

 A (in figure 17) by going to B and jumping down the side to 

 the right of A, the other of whom learned to jump down the 

 side to the left, and placed them together upon A. Each took 

 his own course uninfluenced by the other in 10 trials. 



Chicks were also tried in several pens where there was only 

 one possible way of escape to see if they would learn it more 

 qiiicldy when another chick did the thing several times before 

 their eyes. The method was to give some chicks their first trial 

 with an imitation possibility and their second without, while 

 others were given their first trial without and their second with. 



