ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 55 



screen on the fourth. Through the screen a cat within could 

 see the one to be imitated pull the string, go out tiirough the 

 door thus opened and eat the fish outside. When put in this 

 compartment, the top being covered by a large box, a cat soon 

 gave up efforts to claw through the screen, quieted down and 

 watched more or less the proceedings going on in the other 

 compartment. Thus this apparatus could be used to test the 

 power of imitation. A cat who had no experience with the 

 means of escape from the large compartment was put in the 

 closed one ; another cat, who would do it readily, was allowed 

 to go through the performance of pulling the string, going out, 

 and eating the fish. Record was made of the number of times 

 he did so and of the number of times the imitator had his eyes 

 clearly fixed on him. These were called 'times seen.' Cases 

 where the imitator was looking in the general direction of the 

 ' imitatee ' and might very well have seen him and probably did, 

 were marked ' doubtful.' In the remaining cases the cat did 

 not see what was done by his instructor. After the imitatee 

 had done the thing a number of times, the other was put in the 

 big compartment alone, and the time it took him before pulling 

 the string was noted and his general behavior closely observed. 

 If he failed in 5 or 10 or 15 minutes to do so, he was released 

 and not fed. This entire experiment was repeated a number 

 of times. From the times taken by the imitator to escape and 

 from observation of the way that he did it, we can decide 

 whether imitation played an}- part. The history of several 

 cases are given in the following tables. In the first column are 

 given the lengths of time that the imitator was shut up in the 

 box watchincT the imitatee. In the second column is the num- 

 ber of times that the latter did the trick. In the third and fourth 

 are the times that the imitator surely and possibly saw it done, 

 while in the last is given the time that, when tried alone, the 

 imitator took to pull the string, or if he failed, the time he was 

 in the box trying to get out. Times arc in minutes and sec- 

 onds, failures denoted by F : 



