ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 59 



mented with and fed. Thus tliey formed the habit of chmbing 

 up the front of the box whenever I approached. Of three cats 

 which I obtained at the same time, one did not after 8 or lo 

 days acquire this habit. Even though I held out a piece of fish 

 through the netting, he would not climb after it. It was reason- 

 able to suppose that imitation might overcome this sluggishness, 

 if there were any imitation. I therefore put two cats with him 

 and had them climb up 80 times before his eyes and get fish. 

 He never followed or tried to follow them. 



4 and 3 had been subjected to the following experiment. I 

 would make a certain sound and after 10 seconds would go up 

 to the cage and hold the fish out to them through the netting at 

 the top. They would then, of course, climb up and eat it. 

 After a while, they began to climb up upon hearing the signal 

 (4) or before the 10 seconds were up. I then took. 12 and 10, 

 who were accustomed to going up when they saw me approach, 

 but who had no knowledge of the fact that the signal meant 

 anything, and gave them each a chance to imitate 3. That is 

 one of them would be left in the box with 3, the signal would 

 be given, and after from 5 to 10 seconds 3 would climb up. At 

 10 seconds I would come up with food, and then of course 1 2 

 would climb up. This was repeated again and again. The 

 question was whether imitation would lead them to form the as- 

 sociation more quickly than they would have done alone. It 

 did not. That when at last they did climb up before 10 seconds 

 was past, that is before I approached with food, it was not due 

 to imitation, is shown by the fact that on about half of such 

 occasions they climbed up hefoi-c j did. That is they re- 

 acted to the signal hy association, not to his movements by mu- 

 tation. 



Imitation in Dogs. 



Here the method was not to see if imitation could arouse 

 more quickly an act which accident was fairly likely to bring 

 forth sooner or later, but to see if, where accident failed, imita- 

 tion would succeed. 



3 was found to be unable of himself to escape from box BBi , 

 and was then civen a chance to learn from watching i . 1 he 



