ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 



69 



periment the animals without exception showed inai lacy did 

 not fail to perform the act from lack of a desire to get out. 

 They all tried hard enough to get out and would surelv have 

 used the association if they had formed it. 



Now, the only difference between the experiences of the ani- 

 mals in these experiments and their experiences in those where 

 they let themselves out, is that here they only saw and felt them- 

 selves making the movement, whereas in the other case they also 

 felt the impulse, gave the innervation. That, then, is the essen- 

 tial. It may be objected that the animals failed because they did 

 not attend to the process of being put through the movement, 

 that, had they attended to it, they would later themselves have 

 made the movement. It is, however, improbable that out of fifty 

 times an animal should not have attended to what was going on 

 at least two or three times. But if seeing himself do it was on a 

 par with feeling an impulse to and so doing it, even two or three 

 times would suffice to start the habit. And it is even more im- 



J FF was a box 40 X 21 X 24 inches, the door of which could be opened by 

 putting the paw out between the bars to its right and pulling a loop which hung 

 16 inches above the floor, 4 inches out from the box and six inches to the right 



of the door. 



» KKK was box K with both bolts removed. All that had to be done was to 

 poke the paw out at one side of the door and press down a little bar of wood. 



3 The cats and chick were left in for two minutes at each trial, the dogs tor 

 from one to one and a half minutes. 



