ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 75 



animal is confronted with the sense-impression A, to f;ct a re- 

 vival of B and so the act C. Such a result would, if all chance 

 to associate C with A had been eliminated, demonstrate the 

 presence of representations and their associations. I performed 

 such an experiment in a form modified so as to make it prac- 

 ticable with my animals and resources. Unfortunately, this 

 modification spoils the crucial nature of the experiment and 

 robs it of much of its authority. The experiment was as 

 follows : 



A cat was in the big box where they were kept (see page 

 58) very hungry. As I had been for a long time the source of 

 all food, the cats had grown to watch me very carefully. I sat, 

 during the experiment, about eight feet from the box, and would 

 at intervals of tw^o minutes clap my hands four times and say, 

 " I must feed those cats." Of course the cat would at first feel 

 no impulse except perhaps to w\itch me more closely when this 

 signal was given. After ten seconds had elapsed I would take 

 a piece of fish, go up to the cage and hold it through the wire 

 nettinir, three feet from the floor. The cat would then, of course, 

 feel the impulse to climb up the front of the cage. In fact, 

 experience had previously established the habit of climbing up 

 whenever I moved toward the cage, so that in the experiment 

 the cat did not ordinarily wait until I arrived there with the 

 fish. In this experiment : 



A=The sense-impression of my movements and voice when 

 giving the signal. 



B=The sense-impression of my movements in taking fish, 

 rising, walking to box, etc. 



C=The act of climbing up, with the impulse leading there- 

 unto. 



The question was whether after a while A would remind the 

 cat of B, and cause him to do C before he got the scnsf- 

 iviprcssion of B, that is, before the ten seconds were up. If A 

 leads to C through a memory of B, animals surely c^w have as- 

 sociation of ideas proper, and probably often do. Now. as a 

 fact, after from thirty to sixty trials, the cat does perform C im- 

 mediately on being confronted by A or some seconds later, at 

 all events before B is presented. And it is my present opinion 



