ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. lOI 



chance to jump to D, it does not do so. The impulse has been 

 truly inhibited. It is not the mere habit of going the other 

 way, but the impossibility of going that way. In one case I 

 observed a chick in whom the instinct was all but, yet not quite 

 inhibited. When tried without the screen, it went up to the 

 edge to look over nine times, and at last, after seven minutes, did 

 jump straight down. 



Attention. 



I have presupposed throughout one function which it will be 

 well to now recognize explicitly — attention. As usual, atten- 

 tion emphasizes and facilitates the process which it accompa- 

 nies. Unless the sense-impression is focussed by attention, it 

 will not be associated with the act which comes later. Unless 

 two differing boxes are attended to, there will be no difference 

 in the reactions to them. The really effective part of animal 

 consciousness, then, as of human, is the part which is attended 

 to ; attention is the ruler of animal as well as human mind. 



But in giving attention its deserts we need not forget that it 

 is not here comparable to the whole of human attention. Our 

 attention to the other player and the ball in a game of tennis is 

 like the animal's attention, but our attention to a passage in 

 Hegel, or the memory which flits through our mind, or the 

 song we hear, or the player we idly watch, is not. There 

 ought, I think, to be a separate name for attention when work- 

 ing for immediate practical associations. It is a different spe- 

 cies from that which holds objects so that we may define them, 

 think about them, remember them, etc., and the difference is, as 

 our previous sentence shows, not that between voluntary and 

 involuntary attention. The cat watching me for signs of my 

 walking to the cage with fish is not in the condition of the man 

 watching a ball game, but in that of the player watching the ball 

 speeding toward him. There is a notable difference in the 

 permanence of the impression. The man watching the game 

 can remember just how that fly was hit and how the fielder ran 

 for it, though he bestowed only a slight quantity of attention 

 on the matter, while the fielder may attend to the utmost to the 

 ball and yet not remember at all how it came or how he ran for 



