CONTENTS xxi 



PAGE 



mann's personality, 406. Quotation from his autobiography, 408. 

 The mutation theory of De Vries, 408. An important contribu- 

 tion. His application of experiments commendable, 409. The 

 mutation theory not a substitute for that of natural selection, 410. 

 Tendency toward a reconciliation of apparently conflicting views, 

 410. Summary of the salient features of the theories of Lamarck, 

 of Darwin, of Weismann, and De Vries, 411. Causes for bewil- 

 derment in the popular mind regarding the different forms of the 

 evolution theory, 414. 



CHAPTER XIX 



The Rise of Evolutionary Thought, 415 



Opinion before Lamarck, 415. Views of certain Eathers of the 

 Church, 416. St. Augustine, 416. St. Thomas Aquinas, 417. 

 The rise of the doctrine of special creation, 418. Suarez, 418. 

 Effect of John Milton's writings, 417. Eorerunners of Lamarck: 

 Buff on, Erasmus Darwin, Goethe, 419. Statement of Buffon's 

 views on evolution, 420. Erasmus Darwin the greatest of La- 

 marck's predecessors, 421. His writings, 422. Paley's Natural 

 Theology directed against them, 422. Goethe's connection with 

 evolutionary thought, 422. Causes for the neglect of Lamarck's 

 theoretical writings, 422. The temporary disappearance of the 

 doctrine of organic evolution. 423. Cuvier's opposition, 423. 

 The debate between Cuvier and St. Hilaire, 423. Its effect, 425. 

 Influence of Lyell's Principles of Geology, 426. Herbert Spen- 

 cer's analysis in 1852, 427. Darwin and Wallace, 428. Circum- 

 stances under which their work was laid before the Linnajan 

 Society of London, 428. The letter of transmission signed by 

 Lyell and Hooker, 428-430. The personality of Darwin, 430. 

 Appearance, 431. His charm of manner, 431. Affectionate 

 consideration at home, 432. Unexampled industry and con- 

 scientiousness in the face of ill health, 432, 434. His early 

 life and education, ^7,7,. Voyage of the Beagle, 433. The re- 

 sults of his five years' voyage, 434. Life at Down, 434. 

 Parallelism in the thought of Darwin and Wallace, 435. Dar- 

 win's account of how he arrived at the conception of natural 

 selection, 435. Wallace's narrative, 435. The Darwin-Wallace 

 theory launched in 1858, 437. Darwin's book on The Origin of 

 Species regarded by him as merely an outline, 437. The spread 

 of the doctrine of organic evolution, 437. Huxley one of its great 

 popular exponents, 438. Haeckel, 439. After Darwin, the prob- 

 lem was to explain phenomena, 441. 



