RISE OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 163 



materially in the advancement of that science. His portrait, 

 which is rare, is shown in Fig. 47. 



Rathke. — Martin Henry Rathke (1 793-1860) greatly 

 advanced the science of comparative anatomy by insisting 

 upon the importance of elucidating anatomy with researches 

 in development. This is such an important consideration 

 that his influence upon the progress of comparative anatomy 

 can not be overlooked. After being a professor in Dorpat, 

 he came, in 1835, to occupy the position of professor of anat- 

 omy and zoology at Konigsberg, which had been vacated by 

 Von Baer on the removal of the latter to St. Petersburg. His 

 writings arc composed with great intelligence, and his facts 

 are carefully coordinated. Rathke belonged to the good old 

 school of German writers whose researches were profound 

 and extensive, and whose expression was clear, being based 

 upon matured thought. His papers on the aortic arches 

 and the Wolffian body are those most commonly referred to 

 at the present time. 



Miiller. — Johannes Mliller (1801-1858), that phenomenal 

 man, besides securing recognition as the greatest physiol- 

 ogist of the nineteenth century, also gave attention to com- 

 parative anatomy, and earned the title of the greatest mor- 

 phologist of his time. His researches were so accurate, so 

 complete, so discerning, that his influence upon the develop- 

 ment of comparative anatomy w r as profound. Although he 

 is accorded, in history, the double distinction of being a great 

 anatomist and a great physiologist, his teaching tended to 

 physiology; and most of his distinguished students were 

 physiologists of the broadest type, uniting comparative anat- 

 omy with their researches upon functional activities. (For 

 Miiller's portrait see p. 187.) . 



Gegenbaur. — In Karl Gegenbaur (1826-1903) scientific 

 anatomy reached its highest expression. His work was char- 

 acterized by broad and masterly analysis of the facts of struc- 



