RISE OF EVOLUTIONARY THOUGHT 439 



the people. He was a pioneer in the laboratory teaching of 

 biology, and his Manual has been, ever since its publica- 

 tion in 1874, the inspiration and the model for writers of 

 directions for practical work in that field. 



It is not so generally known that he was also a great 

 investigator, producing a large amount of purely technical 

 researches. After his death a memorial edition of his scien- 

 tific memoirs was published in four lar^e quarto volumes. 

 The extent of his scientific output when thus assembled was 

 a surprise to many of his co-workers in the field of science. 

 His other writings of a more general character have been 

 collected in fourteen volumes. Some of the essays in 

 this collection are models of clear and vigorous English 

 style. Mr. Huxley did an astonishing amount of scientific 

 work, especially in morphology and palaeontology. Those 

 who have been privileged to look over his manuscripts and 

 unpublished drawings in his old room at South Kensington 

 could not fail to have been impressed, not only with the 

 extent, but also with the accuracy of his work. Taking 

 Johannes Mliller as his exemplar, he investigated animal 

 organisms with a completeness and an exactness that have 

 rarely been equaled. 



An intimate account of his life will be found in The Lije 

 and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley, by his son. 



Haeckel. — Ernst Haeckel, of Jena, born in 1834 (Fig. 122), 

 was one of the earliest in Germany to take up the de- 

 fense of Darwin's hypothesis. As early as 1866 he applied 

 the doctrine of evolution to all organisms in his Generelle 

 Morphologie. This work, which has been long out of print, 

 represents his best contribution to evolutionary thought. 

 He has written widely for general readers, and although his 

 writings are popularly believed to represent the best scientific 

 thought on the matter, those written for the general public 

 are not regarded by most biologists as strictly representative. 



