444 BIOLOGY AND ITS MAKERS 



chick, best represent the progress of investigation between 

 Harvey and Linnaeus. The three contributions referred to 

 are those on the Anatomy of Plants (Anatome Plantarum, 

 1675-1679); on the Anatomy of the Silkworm (De Bombyce, 

 1669); and on the Development of the Chick (De Formatione 

 Pulli in Ovo and De Ovo Incubato, both 1672). 



We then pass to the Systema Naturae (twelve editions, 

 1 73 5-1 7 68) of Linnaeus, a work that had such wide in- 

 fluence in stimulating activity in systematic botany and 

 zoology. 



Wolff's Theoria Generationis , 1759, and his De Formatione 

 Intestinorum, 1764, especially the latter, were pieces of 

 observation marking the highest level of investigation of 

 development prior to that of Pander and Von Baer. 



Cuvier, in Le Regne Animal, 18 16, applied the principles 

 of comparative anatomy to the entire animal kingdom. 



The publication in 1800 of Bichat's Traite des Membranes 

 created a new department of anatomy, called histology. 



Lamarck's book, La Philosophie Zoologique, 1809, must 

 have a place among the great works in biology. Its influence 

 was delayed for more than fifty years after its publication. 



The monumental work of Von Baer on Development 

 (Ueber Entwicklungsgeschichte der Thiere), 1828, is an almost 

 ideal combination of observation and conclusion in embry- 

 ology. 



The Microscopische Untersuchungen, 1839, of Schwann 

 marks the foundation of the cell-theory. 



The Handbook of Johannes Miiller (Handbuch der 

 Physiologie des Menschen), 1846, remains unsurpassed as to 

 its plan and its execution. 



Max Schultze in his treatise Ueber Muskelkorperchen und 

 das was man eine Zellezu nennen habe, 1861, established one 

 of the most important conceptions with which biology has 

 been enriched, viz., the protoplasm doctrine. 



