INDEX 



477 



Special creation, theory of, 418 



Species, Ray, 117; Linnaeus, 129; 

 are they fixed in nature, 352; or- 

 igin of, 352-366 



Spencer, 426; his views on evolution 

 in 1852, 427 



Spontaneous generation, belief in, 

 278; disproved, 292; first experi- 

 ments on, 278; new form of the 

 question, 281; Redi, 279; Pas- 

 teur, 288; Pouchet, 286; Spallan- 

 zani, 282; Tyndall, 290 



Steno, on fossils, 322 



Straus-Diirckheim, his monograph, 

 96; illustrations from, 101 



Suarez, and the theory of special 

 creation, 410 



Swammerdam, his Biblia Naturae, 

 73; illustrations from, 74, 76; 

 early interest in natural history, 

 68; life and works, 67-77; l° v e 

 of minute anatomy, 70; method of 

 work, 71; personality, 67; por- 

 trait, 69; compared with Mal- 

 pighi and Leeuwenhoek, 87 



System, Linnaean, reform of, 130- 



Sy sterna Naturae, of Linnaeus, 121, 

 127 



T 



Theory, the cell-, 242; the proto- 

 plasm, 272; of organic evolution, 

 345-368; of special creation, 410 



Tyndall, on spontaneous generation, 

 289; his apparatus for getting op- 

 tically pure air, 290 



Type-theory, of Cuvier, 132 



Uniformatism, and catastrophism, 



333 



V 

 Variation, of animals, in a state of 



nature, 388; origin of, according 



to Weismann, 402 

 Vesalius, and the overthrow of au- 



thority, in science, 22-38; great 

 book of, 30; as court physician, 

 35; death, 36; force and inde- 

 pendence, 27; method of teaching 

 anatomy, 28, 29; opposition to, 

 34; personality, 22, 27, 30; phys- 

 iognomy, 30; portrait, 29; prede- 

 cessors of, 26; especial service 

 of, 37; sketches from his works, 



3i, 33, 34, 49 

 Vicq d'Azyr, 146; portrait, 147 

 Vinci, Leonardo da, and fossils, 322 

 Virchow, and germinal continuity, 



225; in histology, 174; portrait, 



174 

 Vries, Hugo de, his mutation theory, 



408; portrait, 409; summary of 



theory, 412 



W 



Wallace, and Darwin, 428; his ac- 

 count of the conditions under 

 which his theory originated, 435; 

 portrait, 436; writings, 435 



Weismann, the man, 405; quotation 

 from autobiography, 407; per- 

 sonal qualities, 405; portrait, 406; 

 his theory of the germ-plasm, 398- 

 405; summary of his theory, 411 



Whitney collection of fossil horses, 



357 . 



Willoughby, his connection with 

 Ray, 115 



Wolff, on cells, 240; his best work, 

 21 t; and epigenesis, 205; and 

 Ha Her, 211, 214; opposed by 

 Bonnet and Haller, 211; his pe- 

 riod in embryology, 205-214; per- 

 sonality, 214; plate from his 

 Theory of Generation, 209; the 

 Theoria Generationis, 210 



Wyman, Jeffries, on spontaneous 

 generation, 289 



Zittel, in palaeontology, 340; por- 

 trait, 341 



