SUBMARINE SPRINGS. 103 



onder tne sea no less than on continents, as proved 

 by numerous observations of submarine springs of 

 fresh-water. Many such have been remarked on the 

 Mediterranean littoral. According to M. de Ville- 

 neuve-Flayosc, those which we find between Perpig- 

 nan and Spezzia, at a distance more or less great from 



Fig. 20. —Cause of Submanne Springrs. (aa) Sea Water; (bb) Fresh 

 Waler; (cc) Impeimeable StraUi , (Jd) n Permeable Stratum in which 

 the Fresh Water flows. 



the shore, deliver some 50 cubic metres every second, 

 which is about one-third of the quantity of water 

 delivered by the Seine in the same time. 



In the Gulf of Spezzia, at the distance of 60 or 

 70 yards from the shore, we see a kind of swelling 

 in the sea* it extends over a space about 80 feet 



