GREEN FORAGE AND HAY CROPS 119 



cows or other farm animals as corn silage, as it soon dries out on 

 exposure to air. It may, however, be considered of similar feeding 

 value as corn silage, and makes a valuable feed for farmers who 

 have difficulty in curing clover into hay on account of rainy weather. 

 Like other legumes, clover may be safely placed in the silo wet with 

 dew or rain. If it has been allowed to dry out before being siloed, 

 water should be added as it is elevated into the silo or after each 

 load is filled into the silo. 



Mammoth clover (TrifoUum medium) is a somewhat later 

 variety than red clover, generally maturing three to five weeks later. 

 As its name suggests, it has a larger and coarser growth than red 

 clover and produces but one crop a year. It is, therefore, frequently 

 pastured for several weeks in the early spring, and will make a 

 good growth when the stock is removed. It requires a similar soil 

 and climate as red clover, and is better able to thrive under un- 

 favorable conditions than this crop on account of its stronger root 

 system and its perennial growth. It does not make as palatable 

 hay as red clover on account of its ranker habit of growth, but its 

 ability to do well on relatively poor soils and its perennial character 

 make it a valuable hay crop to the stock farmer. 



Alsike or Swedish clover (TrifoUum hybridum) is grown for 

 both hay and pasture, often in mixture with red clover and timothy, 

 or with red clover only. It produces a fine, soft hay that is greatly 

 relished by stock and eaten without waste. Alsike flourishes on 

 land that is too acid or too moist for other clovers, although it will 

 not grow in really wet soils. While red clover usually dies out the 

 third year, alsike will often live for several years, a feature which 

 greatly increases its value for pasture. 9 



Crimson clover (TrifoUum incarnatum, Fig. 18) is an annual, 

 especially valuable as a cover crop in orchards and for green manur- 

 ing. It is also used for pasture, as a soiling crop, and, to a limited 

 extent, for silage. It does not make as satisfactory hay as other 

 clovers on account of the minute barbed hairs on its blossom heads, 

 which become spiky as the heads ripen. Hay from over-ripe crimson 

 clover tends to make hair balls, often 3 to 4 inches in diameter, of 

 compact, felt-like structure, in the stomachs of animals, especially 

 horses, and cases are on record of animals dying as a result of eating 

 such hay. 10 The difficulty may be avoided by cutting the hay at 



"White clover (TrifoUum repens) is not a hay crop, being used in 

 pastures and lawns only, in mixtures with grasses. 



10 Division of Botany, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Circular 8; 

 Farmers' Bulletin 579, 



