( 19 ) 



ARTICLE 4 Nature of, and Mode of executing, the Fellings ; Forecast of Condition 



of the Crop at their Conclusion. 



78. The following rules will be observed in the selection and marking of standards in 

 the Regular series : 



(i) No trees will be reserved for the special purpose of bearing seed for reproduction, for those 

 reserved for other reasons will yield as much seed as will be required for all practical purposes. 



(ii) All fruit trees in a good bearing condition and all promising trees of timber-yield- 

 inf species will be reserved, unless several of them are overcrowded together, in which case 

 only the best will be kept so aa to give them room for uninterrupted development. 



(iii) For the latter portion of the preceding rule, fruit trees, if they are healthy and in 

 good bearing condition, will generally be more valuable than others. 



(iv) Subject to compliance with Rule (ii), and provided they do not require reconsti- 

 tuting from the stool, all kusam, ghont, chheola, ber and other trees serving as good hosts 

 for the lac insect will be reserved. 



(v) In order to economise both labour and expense, no stems less than 6 inches in girth at 

 breast height will be marked. Where firewood is unsaleable, this limit may be raised to 9 inches. 



(vi) With the same object as the preceding rule no marking will take place in areas of 

 any extent subject to severe night-frost. Such areas will be clearly indicated to the wood- 

 cutter by putting a ring of red paint on conspicuous stems standing along their edge. 



(vii) The stems to be marked will be those to be reserved or those to be felled according 

 as the former or the latter are in the minority. 



79. The immense areas of the nistar coupes preclude the application thereto of the preced- 

 ing rules. This is, however, no disadvantage. In view of the insignificant requirements they 

 are intended to meet, there will be a general prohibition to cut, except under direct depart- 

 mental agency, any teak, bija, kaim, haldu, harra, saj or fruit trees and trees of species serving 

 as hosts for the lac insect, and it will hence be necessary to mark only standards of timber- 

 yielding species not mentioned above. Only the straightest and most promising trees need 

 be thus marked. 



80. As regards the mode of felling in the Regular series it is essential that all produc- 

 tive stools of timber trees should be felled low enough to dause every shoot to start up from, afc 

 the highest point, ground-level, so that it may almost at once become an independent indivi- 

 dual with a root-system of its own. Large teak should, if possible, be cut below ground-level, 

 i.e., en terre. In doing this the stem may be completely removed, as the section of the large 

 lateral roots will throw up shoots, which will have all the appearance of seedlings. All 

 crooked and otherwise unpromising teak stems under 9 inches in girth at the base should be 

 cut back, at departmental expense if necessary, for the resulting small stools will yield shoots 

 possessing all the qualities of seedlings, with the added advantage of rapid growth from the 

 very start. 



The stools of species yielding only firewood need not be cut so low or be smoothed off so 

 carefully, this not because careful cutting will not profit them, but simply because the in- 

 significant value of firewood (not even Re.l per 100 maunds) absolutely precludes such pre- 

 cautions. On the one hand, with departmental felling, the expenditure would be prohibitive ; 

 while on the other, no one would come to us for firewood if he had to undergo so much trouble 

 in cutting it. In some cases, when there is no other way of getting rid of fuel trees, it will 

 be allowable to pollard them, provided such pollarding is not likely to injure the growth of 

 small neighbours of valuable species. Otherwise the old trees must be girdled ; even if gird- 

 ling does not kill them, it will cause them to contract their crowns and thus enable the 

 younger valuable neighbours to shoot away out of oppression or compression, as the case may be. 



81. Inthem'ster series, in view of the uncertain and limited demand, no strict rules 

 can be laid down. As all valuable timber-yielding species will be absolutely reserved against 

 felling for uistar purposes, it will suffice to enjoin the ni&tar cutter to cut as low and as clean 

 as he can. Should a nistar series at any time be called upon to meet a special demand, then 

 the rules given in the immediately preceding paragraph will have to be observed. 



82. The results of the work here prescribed will be that at the close of the period of 

 thirty years the crooked, unsound and other undesirable elements of the existing crop will have 

 been removed, entirely from the Regular series, and partially from the nistar series their 

 places having been taken by good reproduction from the stools and roots, and numerous seedlings 



1 have established themselves, especially in the open places. All valuable trees will be 

 leveloping under more favourable conditions than now prevail, and the crop will have 

 improved in composition, density and growth generally. 



ARTICLE 4. Tabular Statements of the, fellings to be made. 



83. The subjoined statements of fellings show the details of the coupes to be taken in 

 hand each year. They will be found marked on the accompanying traces on the scale of 1 inch 



The coupes will be laid out and permanently demarcated on the ground and the 

 * in them selected ayeai 1 in advance, i.e., every coupe will always be demarcated and 

 in May-June preceding the open season in which it is to be felled. 



