PART II. 



FOREST EXPLOITATION. 

 CHAPTER I. 



SARTAGE. 



IN Sartage portions of the forest are burned down, and on 

 the soil manured with the ashes different crops are culti- 

 vated for a few years, until its fertility being exhausted, it 

 is abandoned, and another place is similarly treated. 



In the narrative given by Mr Judrae of his journey 

 through the forests of Olonetz and Archangel, mention is 

 made of the practice of Sartage or Rhoeden, and Svedjande, 

 as it is called in Finland the last being a Swedish term 

 introduced in connection with the domination of Sweden 

 in Finland, previous to its being annexed to the Russian 

 Empire. Mr Judrae, in the few sentences in which he 

 has spoken of it, has said all, or almost all, that can be 

 learned in regard to it from what is practised here. The 

 literature of forest science in France supplies ample details 

 in regard to it ; and in reports of forest operations in India 

 we are supplied with details in regard to the results and 

 consequences of such a treatment of forests. 



In a companion volume I have given details of the 

 practice as followed in Finland, from which country, if not 

 by the Finnish Karells inhabiting a large portion of the 

 Government of Olonetz, it may have been introduced into 

 this region. I consider it to be a practice of Asiatic origin, 



