ii UMBER TUAD& 110 



in ofchoi countries ; on thi nt of K , in 



view .i the future, i h " &B 



;n rftU ! " -''I I'- 1 



MM- I,, n, ted or withdrawn; i"> ! meanwhile they 



are respeol d, and occa iomlly i!i< oiiin'Mh of a commune 

 come Mud <.!!'. i in dflivi i \-.\y M. thousand lo^H of Hpecified 

 dimni i< ifted point on a lake or river bank, 



01 ;i. tin- mill, on Bucn terms a may bo agreed upon. And 

 ; ii.'li pnM-liM HIM. U in preference to lulling 



on the contract \\itli (lovmnnont. Each raft consists in 



n r.-il >!' logs of iinilnnn i/..-, ;ui<l tines the keeping of 

 different sizes apart al the M.w-mill i:s facilitat< 



Th itlicr ili.-y are ti.m iported in mmmer, ;aid the cutting 

 up is Itc-nii MI once. Any taken out of the water and 

 ivin;iiniii- nni. cut n j. ;i.i the end of the Reason, are after- 

 wanls n:Luni<-(l t<, (,hr \v;ii- r before being sawn, it being 

 er to saw tin-in d;inip t.han dry. When they are cut 

 up dry the teeth of the saw are often broken. 



Of the forest operations of another company of timber 

 inn-chants 1 received the following account: 'The mem- 

 l. is of this ( 'ompany, the Messrs Thornton, had the land 

 from the Government for the purpose of felling the timber, 

 and were obliged by their contract to cut down so many 

 thousand trees every year, paying so much per tree, ft 

 was for the contractors to judge what trees should be cut, 

 and, so far as my informant remembered, without any 

 Government supervision as to the trees. 



'The timbers were dragged by horses to the nearest 

 watercourse, but it did not pay to drag a tree nine versts 

 to a stream. The trees were floated down to the mill, 

 and, in this particular case, a waterfall was in the course, 

 where many of the timbers were damaged, some even 

 reduced to splinters. 



'The sawm-ill was on an island, and in such a 

 position that ships drawing about 25 feet could come 

 alongside the mill. But in the case of timber that went 

 by the River Onega, the mills were on the river, and the 



