146 THE FOREST LANDS OF NORTHERN RUSSIA. 



The Pinega, which gives its name to a town situated 

 about 78 miles east by south of Archangel, flows into the 

 Dwina after a separate course of 250 miles. 



Connections have been formed between the Dwina and 

 the Volga by means of canals, one of which joins the Kel- 

 tma, one of the head streams of the Vytchegda, with the 

 Kama ; and the other, known as the Lubiuski Canal, 

 unites the Sukhoma with the Neva by means of the 

 Cheksna. 



The Petchora has its source in the Government of Perm, 

 on the west side of the Ural Mountains, and crossing the 

 Government enters that of Vologda, and that of Arch- 

 angel, and, after a tortuous course, flows into the Arctic 

 Ocean by numerous mouths after a course of upwards of 

 900 miles. The country through which it flows is low, 

 covered with wood, and nearly uninhabited. Its principal 

 affluents are, on the right, Ilicha and Oussa ; on the left, 

 the Ijma and Tsylma. The Ijma rises in the Government 

 of Vologda, enters the Government of Archangel in the 

 district of Mezen, and flows into the Petchora on the left 

 bank, after a course of 240 miles. 



The Mezen has its source in the district of that name ; 

 it afterwards enters the Government of Vologda, but 

 returning and passing the town to which it owes its name, 

 after a total course of about 480 miles, it flows into the 

 Gulf of Mezen, an arm of the White Sea, 75 miles wide at 

 its mouth, and indenting the land to a depth of 60 miles. 

 The principal affluents of the Mezen are the Piema and 

 Peza on the right, and on the left the Vachka. The Peza 

 has its source in a marshy locality, and enters the Mezen 

 at Jerd, 36 miles above the town of Mezen, after a course 

 of above 180 miles. The Vachka takes its rise in the 

 Government of Vologda, in the district and to the north- 

 west of Jarensk, and joins the Mezen near Oust- Vachka 

 after a course of 225 miles. 



The district of Mezen occupies the eastern part of the 

 Government. It is 600 miles in length from west to east, 

 and upwards of 300 miles in breadth on the mainland, 



