YEAST-LIKE FUNGI OF HUMAN INTESTINAL TRACT 35 



tales), Melanconiales, and Moniliales (Hyphomyceteae). The 3rd 

 order includes 4 families, Moniliaceae (Mucedineae), Dematiaceae, 

 Stilbaceae, and Tuberculariaceae. We are concerned with the first of 

 these families only since the yeast-like fungi under discussion would 

 be included in this group on account of their color and simple 

 organization. 



Frank ('86) has separated the fungi into the following orders: 

 Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Phycomycetes, and Blasto- 

 mycetes. He also has a provisional group of the Fungi imperfecti, but 

 includes all the budding fungi, whether spore forming or not, in the 

 order Blastomycetes. 



Vuillemin ('10) has suggested another classification for the mycoses 

 of animals. He has 2 orders, Hyphales and Siphales, the latter includ- 

 ing all phycomycetes of the Saccardian classification. The Hyphales 

 are divided into Microsiphones, Conidiospores and Thallospores. 

 Conidiospores are those fungi which form their conidia as distinct 

 fructifications on more or less specialized branches of the mycelium 

 (thallus), while Thallospores are those which form their reproductive 

 bodies directly from the thallus or mycelium. The latter group he 

 divides into Arthromycetes and Blastomycetes, according to whether 

 the spores are produced as a part of the body of the thallus or by 

 budding of the cells. The fungi under discussion, therefore, would be 

 placed in Blastomycetes. It is from the use of these various systems 

 by different writers that so much confusion has arisen in the classifica- 

 tion of the yeast-like organisms. 



The last 2 classifications mentioned place considerable emphasis on 

 the building process, although in Frank's system this is not the only 

 distinguishing character of the group. Vuillemin, working with animal 

 pathogens, naturally regarded this as a very important character. 



I believe that the importance of the budding process has not been 

 sufficiently emphasized in the classification of Saccardo. None of the 

 authors mentioned has laid sufficient stress on the essentially unicellular 

 condition in this group. 



Since the system of classification of Saccardo is so generally estab- 

 lished, it is thought best to adapt it to the forms under discussion. It 

 is believed that the family Moniliaceae should include a subfamily into 

 which those forms which are essentially unicellular and budding can 

 be placed and that the description of the* family should be emended to 

 include such subfamily. For the present, however, they will be placed 

 in the tribe Oosporeae, as defined by Lindau. 



