36 HARRY WARREN ANDERSON 



The question of the generic position of the asporogenic yeasts is 

 still more confusing and a special discussion of this point will be entered 

 into here. 



The yeast-like fungi without endospore formation have been placed 

 by various writers in one or another of the genera listed below. Those 

 genera are excluded which include endospore formation as an essential 

 feature of their classification. Genera such as Saccharomyces and 

 Endomyces have been used to include the asporogenic forms, by a num- 

 ber of authors, on the same grounds that certain rusts are included 

 among Basidiomycetes, although their 'perfect' forms are not known 

 Each genus in the accompanying list is followed by the name or names 

 of the writers who have used it most prominently to include the typical 

 asporogenic yeasts. 



Blastomyces (Gilchrist and Stokes) 

 Cryptococcus (Guilliermond, Vuillemin) 

 Hormiscium (Bonorden) 

 Monilia (Castellani, Ashford, etc.) 

 Mycoderma (Hansen, Will) 

 Oidium (Robin, Cao) 

 Pseudomonilia (Geiger) 

 Pseudosaccharomyces (Will) 

 Torula (Hansen, Will) 



The classification used by de Beurman and Gougerot ('09) includes 

 the genera Zymonema, Atelosaccharomyces and Parasaccharomyces, all 

 of yeast-like character. These will be discussed further. 



Accepting as final the rulings of the Brussels Congress on tlvj 

 naming of the fungi, the writer has not attempted to antedate Fries 

 ('21-'32) in the discussion of these genera, except where earlier 

 descriptions aid in clearing up certain vague points in the description? 

 of later writers. 



The genus Torula has been used by practically all investigators, 

 interested especially in fermentative industries, to include all the 

 asporogenic yeasts which do not form a distinct pellicle in liquid 

 mediums, those forming a pellicle being placed in the genus Mycoderma. 

 Hansen, Will, Guilliermond, and Lindner accept this interpretation of 

 the genus. On the other hand, the mycologist regards those dark- 

 colored forms which form chains of spores resembling a necklace of 

 beads as true Torula species. Thus Saccardo and Lindau have both 

 placed this genus in the family Dematiaceae which is made up of dark 

 spored forms. The genus Torula was founded by Persoon and 

 emended by Fries, who used as his type species Alternaria tenuis of 



