38 HARRY WARREN ANDERSON 



is well known and has a distinct septate, aerial mycelium, and sporo- 

 phores, characters which serve to eliminate it from the present 

 discussion. 



The genus Blastomyces has led to great confusion in that the 

 budding fungi are often known as blastomycetes. Though Frank 

 created an order which he called 'Blastomycetes/ he did not have a 

 genus of that name in the order. Costantin and Rolland ('88) created 

 a new genus, Blastomyces, for a fungus which is not at all yeast-like in 

 character. Gilchrist and Stokes ('96) named a budding organism 

 isolation from a skin disease, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Roncali 

 ('95) also used this generic form for a budding organism isolated from 

 a carcinoma of the ovary. The former organism is yeast-like only during 

 a part of its life history, later forming a distinct aerial mycelium. The 

 latter is very similar to the organisms studied in this investigation. 

 Medical writers in general have been inclined to use this name in a 

 loose sense for all pathogenic yeast-like fungi. The genus is tenable 

 neither for these organisms nor for the type represented by Gilchrist 

 and Stokes' fungus. 



The genus Hormiscium, erected by Kunze and Schmidt in 1817, 

 and used by Bonorden ('51) to include a number of the fermenting 

 yeast-like organisms, has been emended and .transferred to the 

 Dematiaceae by Saccardo. 



Cryptoccocus was erected by Kiitzing ('33) as a genus of the algae. 

 He lists 1 species, Crytococcus mollis, and does not include a specific 

 description. The generic description is as follows : "Globuli mucosi 

 hyalini non colorati, in stratum indeterminatum muscosum facile 

 secedens sine ordine aggregate." In a later publication he places 

 Saccharomyces cerevisiae in this genus. Vuillemin ('01) has, unfor- 

 tunately, selected this name for a genus to include all the pathogenic 

 yeasts. Guilliermond ('12) has accepted Vuillemin's interpretation of 

 this genus, and places in it all yeasts not forming spores which are 

 associated with animal disease. The genus Cryptococcus is considered 

 valid for those asporogenic yeasts which do not form a distinct septate 

 mycelium, and will be used in the future discussion for such species. 



De Beurmann and Gougerot ('09) have discussed in detail the 

 classification of the mycoses of animals. They call attention to the 

 great confustion which exists, especially among medical writers, regard- 

 ing the proper botanic position of the various types of budding fungi 

 causing disease. They present a scheme of classification which includes 

 all the described species of budding fungi associated with animal 



