YEAST-LIKE FUNGI OF HUMAN INTESTINAL TRACT 39 



disease. The accompanying summary of their system includes only a 

 discussion of the genera involved. 



1. Saccharomyces, Meyen, 1838. In this are included those yeasts which 

 have round, oval, elliptical, or elongated cells, with vegetable reproduction by 

 budding only, and ascospore formation' always present. 



2. AtelosaccHaromyces. de Beurmann and Gougerot, 1909 (genre provisoire). 

 This genus, in all respects, except in the formation of ascospores, is exactly 

 like Saccharomyces, that is, it is the 'imperfect' genus corresponding to 

 Saccharomyces. 



3. Parasaccharomyces.* de Beurmann and Gougerot, 1909. (Emend 

 Anderson.) Similar to the preceding genus except that there are elongated 

 cells and rudimentary mycelial threads. 



4. Zymonema. De Beurmann and Gougerot, 1909. Thallus composed of 

 a mixture of round, oval, or elliptical budding cells, and distinct, branched 

 septate mycelial elements. The hyphae may break up into short rectangular 

 cells as in Oidium lactis, or may form either intercalary or terminal 

 chlamydospores. 



5. Endomyces. Rees, 1870 (Emend). Thallus formed of branched, budding 

 articles. Ascus solitary at the end of the filament and containing 4 hemi- 

 spheric or reniform, hyaline ascospores. 



Of the 5 genera the first and last form ascospores and their char- 

 acters are well established. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th genera contain the 

 budding forms not producing ascospores, and it is with these that we 

 are especially concerned. Atelosaccharomyces as defined by these 

 authors corresponds to the genus Cryptococcus of Kiitzing, and on this 

 account the earlier name, Cryptococcus, has been substituted in the 

 following discussion for Atelosaccharomyces of De Beurmann and 

 Gougerot. Parasaccharomyces, though not well defined by these 

 authors, is evidently intended to include such forms as Monilia Candida, 

 in which the budding phase predominates, but rudimentary septate 

 hyphae are produced. A number of species of this character were 

 studied in the present investigation, some forming only a few 

 unbranched elongated elements which rarely become septate, others 

 producing a scantily branched but abundant mycelium with septate 

 hyphae (Monilia Candida). The mycelium is never aerial nor dry in 

 character in these species. It has been thought best to accept the genus 

 Parasaccharomyces with this more complete characterization rather 

 than to add to the confusion by erecting another genus. 



The genus Zymonema was erected by De Beurmann and Gougerot 

 to include such species as 'Blastomyces dermatitidis' in which the 



* Parasites mal classes, proches des Saccharomyces. kernes caracteres que les atelosac- 

 charomyces, c'est-a-dire cellules rondes ou ovoides ou allongees, bourgeonnants sans asques 

 connues. _ Mais les formes de transition ayec les parasites suivants (ebauches filamenteuses, 

 formes oidiennes) sont plus marquees et indiquent 1'eloignement du genre bien defini des 

 Saccharomyces. 



