CAMPANULACEyE 363 



Campanulaceae; 



This order of herbaceous, rarely shrubby, plants takes 

 its name from the bell-shaped corolla common in the 

 typical genus, though funnel and tubular forms are also 

 found; the limb or expanded portion is in all nine-cleft 

 or less. The leaves are simple, alternate (seldom opposite) 

 and without stipules; the flowers regular, in racemes or 

 spikes or clusters of heads (glomerules), but occasionally 

 also in panicles ; the five-lobed calyx remains adherent 

 even when withered; the stamens are six, usually free, 

 and seldom united at the base of the corolla ; the style 

 is practically naked with two to five stigmas. 



Many of the genera contain a milky juice, full of 

 mucilage, which neutralizes their acrid principles and 

 permits the roots of many (e. g. Rampion) to be used as 

 food-stuffs. 



Phyteuma 



"Eng.: Rampion; Fr. : Raiponce ; Ger. : Rapunzcl. 



It is difficult to believe that the members of this genus 

 are cousins of the Bell-flowers, when one looks at the 

 curious heads or spikes of stalkless flowers, whose 

 corolla is divided into five narrow parts, which join 

 together again towards the top. As a race they are not 

 easy to manage, particularly two of the best, P. Scheuch- 

 zeri and pauciflorum which should be well packed among 

 limestone in a sunny and dry part of a rockery with a 

 little stiff loam admixed, or in an old wall. Ample depth 



