PROPAGATION BY BUDDING, GRAFTING, ETC. 21 



containing buds intended to be inserted, the leaf should immediately 

 be cut off to within half an inch of the bud, otherwise the evaporation 

 will exhaust and injure its vitality. .If buds are to be kept a number 

 of days, they should be wrapped in damp moss, or wet cloths ; or if 

 to be sent to a distance, the whole wrapped in oiled silk. In this 

 way they will keep without injury ten days or more. 



" Annular budding is applicable to trees of hard wood, or thick 

 rigid bark, as the walnut and magnolia. A ring of bark 

 is removed from the stock, and another corresponding 

 ring, containing the bud, sjiit open on one side, is made 

 to fit the denuded space. (Fig. 8.) 



" Trees which have been girdled in winter by mice, may 

 be preserved by a process similar to annular budding, 

 by cutting away evenly the gnawed portions, and apply- 

 ing one or more pieces of bark peeled from the branch 

 Flg - 8 - of another tree, so as to restore the connection between 

 the two severed portions. This is done as soon as the bark will 

 separate ; the same end may, however, be accomplished early in 

 Spring, by cutting away portions of the sap-wood with the bark, and 

 connecting the two parts by several pieces of a branch, care being 

 taken that they coincide accurately, as in grafting. The whole, in 

 either case, is then covered with wax." 



Grafting, like budding, has numerous modes and forms, all resolv- 

 ing into the same thing that of transferring one variety on to ano- 

 ther. Such methods as are in most common practice, we describe. 



Whip or tongue grafting. This is most generally practiced when 

 the stock and scion are nearly of equal size. The whole gist of it 

 lies in so forming the graft and stock that the two outer surfaces of 

 albumen, or wood of last year's growth, match one with the other, or 

 if the stock is too large that they match on one side. (See fig. 10.) 

 The tongue is a notch cut in the stock corresponding with one cut in 

 the graft, and, when put together, to serve as support in steadying the 

 graft, until the circulation of the sap has united it with the stock. 

 This is practiced to a large extent by nursery-men on pieces of roots, 

 and is then termed " root-grafting." 



Splice Grafting is similar to tongue grafting, except that no slit is 

 made in either stock or graft. (See fig. 11.) 



Crown Grafting is performed in the same manner, only that it is 

 done on small stocks standing in the ground, at a point near the upper 

 rootlet or fibre. (See fig. 12.) 



