32 TRANSPLANTING TREES. 



" 2. Leave a larje quantity of fruit on the strong part, and re- 

 tnove the whole, or greater part, from the feeble. We know already 

 that the fruit has the property of attracting to it the sap from the 

 roots, and of employing it entirely to its own growth. The necessary 

 result of this is, what we are about to point out viz., that all the 

 sap which arrives in the strong parts will be absorbed by the fruit, 

 and the wood there, in consequence, will make but little growth, 

 while on the feeble parts, deprived of fruit, the sap will all be ap- 

 propriated by the growing parts, and they will increase in size and 

 strength. 



" 3. Bend the strong parts, and keep the weak erect. The more 

 erect the branches and stem are,~the greater will be the flow of sap 

 to the growing parts ; hence, the feeble parts being erect, attract 

 much more sap than the strong parts inclined, and, consequently, 

 make a more vigorous growth, and soon recover their balance. This 

 remedy is more especially applied to espalier trees. 



" 4. Remove from the vigorous parts the superfluous shoots as early 

 in the season as possible, and from the feeble parts as late as pos- 

 sible. The fewer the number of young shoots there are on a branch, 

 the fewer there are of leaves, and, consequently, the less is the 

 sap attracted there. Hence, in leaving the young shoots on the 

 feeble parts, their leaves attract the sap there, and induce a vigorous 

 growth. 



" 5. Pinch early the soft extremities of the shoots on the vigorous 

 parts, and as late as possible on the feeble parts, excepting always any 

 shoots which may be too vigorous for their position. By thus pinching 

 garly the strong parts, the flow of sap to such point is checked, and 

 naturally turns to the growing parts that have not been pinched ; 

 this remedy is applicable to trees in all forms. 



" 6. Lay in the strong shoots on the trellis early, and leave tht 

 feeble parts loose as long as possible. Laying in the strong parts 

 obstructs the circulation of the sap in them, and, consequently, 

 favors the weak parts that are loose. This is only applicable to 

 espaliers. 



" 7. In espalier trees, giving the feeble parts the benejit of the light 

 and confining the strong parts more in the shade, restores a balance, 

 for light is the agent which enables leaves to perform their functions 

 and their actions on the roots, and the parts receiving the greater 

 proportion of it acquire the most vigorous development. . 



" II. The sap acts with greater force, and produces more vigorous 

 growth on a branch or shoot pruned short, than on one pruned long. This 

 is easily explained. The sap acting on two buds must, evidently, 

 produce a greater development of wood on them than if it were 

 divided between fifteen or twenty buds. 



" It follows from this, that if we wish to obtain wood branches, 

 we prune short, for vigorous shoots produce few fruit-buds. On 



