312 THE PEAK. 



be^t at one year from the bud; for, as a general thing, the nursery- 

 Tmn has neither the time, nor will the price paid for trees as com- 

 pared with that of labor in this country, warrant him in a system 

 of careful and correct pruning in nursery row ; neither can a tree 

 bo so evenly shaped as when transplanted to more open and exposed 

 positions. 



The distance apart of Pear on pear roots for large orcharding, 

 should be from twenty five to thirty feet, while that of dwarfs for 

 gardens should be ten to fifteen feet. Dwarfs are now much planted 

 intermediate in large permanent orchards, but as a whole, the prac- 

 tice is not to be advised, unless the grower intends to cultivate such 

 orchard with care and attention, superior to the ordinary method of 

 plowing, planting potatoes, etc. 



Soil and Manures. The pear roots thrive best in a soil where the 

 subsoil is at once dry and moist ; that is, where it is open arid p'orous 

 sufficient to admit of free drainage, and yet where the roots, extend- 

 ing deeply and freely in it, reach moisture in season of extreme 

 drought. Cold clay is a bad subsoil, and where it exists in the ground 

 of a prospective orchard, it should be deeply and thoroughly sub- 

 soiled, and well drained. The Pear on quince roots succeeds best in 

 rich, deep, moist, loamy ground, even enduring considerable water 

 better than dry sand. The 'following is the analysis of the ash of 

 the Pear as made by Dr. Emmons : 



Sap-wood. Bark. 



Potash 22.25 6.20 



Soda 1.84 



Chlorine 0.31 1.70 



Sulphuric Acid 0.50 1.80 



Phosphate of Lime 27.22 6.50 



Phosphate of peroxide of iron.. 0.31 



Carbonic Acid 27.69 37.29 



Lime 12.64 30-36 



Magnesia 3.00 9.40 



Silex 0.30 .... 0.40 



Coal 0.17 0.65 



Organic Matter 4.02 4.20 



100.25 98.30 



From this it will be seen what is most wanted in the soil to pro- 

 duce healthy foliage and wood in the Pear. As a general thing, soils 

 usually are or become deficient in lime and the phosphates, and 

 the cheapest remedy is liberal dressing of wood ashes and bone dust ; 

 or in sections where bone dust is not easily attainable, dig in around 

 the tree whole bones from the use of a family, or procured from a 

 slaughter-house. Potash dissolved in water and applied to vegetable 

 mould from the woods, and this dug in around the tree, is also a cheap 

 and ready way of supplying food requisite. Iron filings, etc., from 



