CULTURE AND TRAINING. 



463 



In transplanting, the root should be protected from drying winds 

 or hot suns, and the cane should be cut back one-fourth its previous 

 season's growth. 



The rows should be north and south, and three to four feet apart, 

 according to the vigor of the sort, and the plants placed one every 

 two feet. Some plant three in a hill, the hills four feet apart. We 

 think they become matted too soon in this way. 



Soil. All cultivators agree that, while the raspberry may be 

 made to grow on gravelly loam, slaty soil, or stiff cold clay, it can 

 be relied on for a crop only when planted in a rich deep loam, where 

 there is moisture, but such drainage that water will not stand. For 

 those whose gardens are upon soils naturally unfavorable, deep 

 trenching, placing coarse barn-yard manure at the bottom of the 

 trench, and covering the surface with two inches of leaf-mould from 

 the woods, will often render the plants productive, especially in wet 

 seasons. 



Situation. The situation should be open, fully exposed to light 

 and air ; to this end the advice to form rows north and south. 



Culture and Training. In large plantations, weeds are kept 

 down mostly with the plough and cultivator, hoeing where the culti- 

 vator does not reach. Where the variety is hardy, a single pruning 

 in the Spring is all that is necessary. This should be done early 

 in March or April, according to the season or section of the country 

 where located ; and consists in cutting away the canes of last year's 

 bearing, leaving four to six of the strongest of last year's growth for 

 the coming crop ; these to be cut back one-fourth, cutting away all 

 shoots of slender growth, and also all suckers, unless wanted for 

 future planting. Varieties requiring winter protection should have 

 the old fruiting canes cut away in September. Where increase of 

 plants is wanted, they should not be dug or hoed around early in 

 Spring. 



An English gardener, in our immediate neighborhood, has prac- 

 tised the following modes of training, ever since our residence in the 

 north of Ohio : 



Figure 1 represents the canes prepared for fruiting, in April. 



The uprights are posts 

 made of cedar or locust, 

 four inches square at the 

 bottom, and two inches 

 at top. The horizontal 

 lines may be of tarred 

 rope, or annealed iron 

 wire, coated with coal 



tar. To the horizontal wires, the canes are tied by strips of basi 

 bark, such as is used in budding. 



