CONTENTS. 5 



8, In the Sedges (Carices). A bottle-shaped envelope Perigyninm. 



4, In the Grasses. Chaff-like coverings Glunns, aud Pales. 



CHAPTER "VTI. Attributes of the Essential Organs. Parts 39 



1, In respect to Number. a &c. ( 118, two conditions.) 



3, In position. a On the torus, free from all other organs Hypogynoua. 



b Adherent to the calyx, &c. ( 119, four other conditions.) 



8, In coheBions. a United into one set, &c. ( 120, five modes.) 

 CCAPTER VIII. The Pistils. Its Parts (125) 43 



1, The simple ovary, a encloses a single cavity Its Cell. 



b produces little buds becoming seeds Ovnles. 



c and two fleshy ridges bearing the ovules Placentae. 



2, The compound ovary a may contain as many cells as carpels. 



b must have 2 (or a double) placentae in each cell. 

 c and an equal number of ovules in each cell. 

 8, The number of carpels in a compound ovary is known 



1, By the number of distinct styles, if any 



2, By the number of distinct stigmas. 



3, By the number of the cells ; or if there be but one, 



4, By the number of external lobes, angles, or sutures. 



CHAPTER IX. The Ovules 48 



CHAPTER X. The Fruit. Pericarp. Dehiscence 50 



CHAPTER XI. Forms of the Pericarp. (See Syllabus, 150) 53 



CHAPTER XTI. The Seed 58 



CHAPTER XIII. Germination 62 



CHAPTER XIV. The Root, or Descending Axis. Forms 66 



* Axial Roots, or Tap Roots, having the main axis developed. 



1, The woody tap-root of most trees, branching Ramous. 



2, Tuberous tap-roots. a Shaped like a spindle (Beet) .Fusiform. 



b Shaped like a cone (Carrot) Conical. 



c Shape rounded or depressed (Turnip) Napiform. 



* Inaxial Roots, having only the branches developed. 



8, Root consisting of numerous thread-like divisions Fibrous. 



4, Root fibre-tuberous. a Some of the fibres thickened Fasciculate. 



b Fibres abruptly knotted Nodulous. 



c The knots at regular intervals Moniliform. 



d Fibres bearing little tubers Tubercular. 



CHAPTER XV. Of the Stem, or Ascending Axis 71 



CHAPTER XVI. Forms of the Leaf-Stems, aerial, caulescent 75 



1, Jointed, or hollow stems of Grasses, Sedges, Canes Culm. 



2, The stout woody stem of Trees, covered with bark Trunk. 



3, The woody, simple columns of Palms, &c., without bark Caadex. 



4, Weak, slender stems, climbing or trailing '. Vine. 



CHAPTER XVII. Forms of Scale-Stems, acaulescent 78 



1, Slender, prostrate, rootinsr. on or in the ground Creeper. 



2, Fleshy, thick, rooting, mostly under ground Rhizome. 



8. Swollen with starch, under ground, with buds (eyes) T jber. 



4. Bulbous, solid, with thin vcales, under ground C'orm. 



5. Bulbous, consisting mostly of thick scales Bull). 



CHAPTER XVITT. The Leaf-Bnd. Vernation (and /Estivation. Chap. XXIV) 83 



* Separate : regarding a single leaf (petal or sepal) in bud. 



1, Leaf flat, neither folded nor rolled in the bud Open. 



2, Bent forward, apex toward the base Reclined. 



3, Folded on the axis Couduplicate. 



4, Folded in plaits like a fan Plicate. 



5, Rolled on its axis downward Circiuate. 



