STKUCTURAL BOTANY. 



1. Free Fruits (formed by a single Flower}. 



* Pericarps iiideliiscent. 



t With usually but one seed, and 

 Uniform, or 1-coated. 



1. Separated from the seed. 



2. Inflated, often breaking away. 



3. Inseparable from the seed. 



4. Invested with a cupule (involucre). 



5. Having winged appendages. 



$ Double or triple-coated, fleshy or fibrous. 



6. Three-coated. Stone cell entire. 



7. Two-coated. Stone cell 2-partcd. 



8. Drupes aggregated. 

 t With two or more seeds, 



Immersed in a fleshy or pulpy mass. 



9. Kind membranous. 



10. Rind leathery, separable. 



11. Kind hard, crustaceous. 



$ 12. Inclosed in distinct cells. 



* Pericarps dehiscent. 



t 13. Dehiscence circumscissile, seeds so . 

 t Dehiscence valvular or porous ; 

 % Simple, or 1-carpelled, 



14. Opening by the ventral suture. 



15. Opening by both sutures. 

 1(5. Legume jointed. 



% Compound pericarps ; 



17. Placentie parietal with two cells. 



Silique short. 



18. Placentie parietal only when 1-cclled. 



19. Capsule with carpophore and elastic st; 



Achenium (Buttercups). 

 Utricle (Pigweed). 

 Caryopsis (Grasses) 

 Glaus (Oak). 

 Samara (Ash). 



Drupe (Cherry). 

 Tryma (Walnut). 

 Etaerio (Raspberry). 



Berry (Gooseberry). 

 Hesperidium (Orange). 

 Pepo (Squash). 

 Pome (Apple). 



Pyxis (Henbane). 



Follicle (Columbine). 

 Legume (Pea). 

 Loment (Desmodium). 



Silique (Mustard). 

 Silicle (Shepherd's Purse;. 

 Capsule (Flax). 

 les. Regma (Geranium). 



2. Confluent Fruits (formed of an Inflorescence). 



* 20. With open carpels aggregated into a cone. 



* 21. With closed carpels aggregated into a mass. 



Strobile (Pine). 

 Sorosis (Pineapple.) 



151. The achenium is a small, dry, indehiscent pericarp, free 

 from the one seed which it contains, and tipped with the remains 

 of the style (Buttercups, Lithospermum). 



The double achenium of the Umbcllifene, supported on a carpophore, is called cremo- 

 carp (177). The 2-carpelled achenium of the Composite, usually crowned with a pappus, 

 is called cypsela (178). 



The achenia are often mistaken for seeds. In the Labiatte and Borrageworts they are 

 associated in fours (141). In Geum, Anemone, etc., they are collected in heads. The 

 rich pulp of the Strawberry consists wholly of the overgrown receptacle, which bears Ihe 

 dry achenia on its surface (184). 



152. The utricle is a small, thin pericarp, fitting loosely upon 

 its one seed, and often opening transversely to discharge it 

 (Pigweed, Prince's Feather). 



