ORDER 1. RANUNCULACE.E. 21 



Wternatum T. & G. Glabrous, erect; stems clustered; pet. 0; follicles 3 <i, 

 strongly veined, 2-seeded. il Damp shades, O. to Ark. 410'. May. Very pretty. 



10. CALTHA, L. COWSLIP. MARSH MARIGOLD. Sepals 59, peta- 

 loid. Petals 0. Follicles 5 10, oblong, pointless, spreading, co-seeded. 

 U Very glabrous, aquatic. 



C. palustris L. Stem hollow, thick; leares thickish, large, orbicular or reniform, 

 crenate or entire ; flowers yellow. Wet meadows. If. Flowers 18" broad. May. 



11. COPTIS, Salisb. GOLD-THREAD. Sepals 57, oblong, concave, 

 colored, deciduous. Petals 5 7, clavate, tubular at apex. Follicles 5 10, 

 stipitate, rostrate, divergent, 4-6-seeded. U Low, smooth, with radical 

 leaves and flowers on a scape. 



C trifolia. Salisb. Leaves 3-foliate, leaflets sessile ; scapes 1-flowered ; pet. small and 

 stamen-like ; rhizome thread-like, of a golden yellow. Penn. to Can. 3 4'. Flow- 

 ers white, the small yellow petals inconspicuous. Root bitter, tonic. 



12. TROLLIUS, L. GLOBE-FLOWER. Sep. 515, petaloid. Pet. 525, 

 small and inconspicuous, linear, tubular at base. Stam. and pistils GO ; 

 follicles oc-seeded. H Smooth, with palmately-parted leaves. 



1 T. laxus Salisb. Sepals 5, rounded, spreading ; petals shorter than the stamens, 



orange-colored. Swamps, Can. to Penu. and Del. Rare. If. Flowers 18" broad ; 

 sepals yellow, greenish outside. Pods about 10. June. 



2 T. EUROP^US. Sepals 15, incurved, concave ; petals 510, as long as the stamens. 



From Europe. 2f. Yellow. June, July. Hardy, and very ornamental. 



3 T. ASIATICUS. Sepals 10, partly open ; petals 10, longer than the stamens. From 



Asia. 2f, with ample foliage and orange-red flowers, varying to yellow. June, July. 

 I 



13. HELLEBORUS, L. HELLEBORE. Sepals 5, mostly greenish, 



persistent. Petals 8 10, very short, tubular, 2-lipped. Stigmas 3 10, 

 orbicular. Follicles co-seeded. if Leaves coriaceous, palmately or 

 pedately divided. Flowers large, nodding. Fig. 494. 



1 H. viridis L. Glabrous ; rt. Ivs. pedate, cauline palmate, sessile ; fls. often in pairs ; 



sepals round-ovate, acute, pale yellowish-green, spreading 1'. From Eur. If. $ Apr. 



2 H. NIGER. Christmas Rose. Root Ivs. pedate ; scape naked, bracted, 1- or 2 flowered ; 



fls. 2' broad, white, pink, and finally green. In England, it fl^-vers -.bout Christmas. 

 If. Leaves thick, evergreen, and shining. March, April. 



14. ZANTHORHIZA, L. YELLOW -ROOT. Sep. 5. Pet. 5, of 2 round- 

 ish lobes raised on a claw. Stam. and pistils 5 10. Ova. 2- or 3-ovuled, 

 follicles mostly 1-seeded, seed suspended. ^> Roots and bark yellow and 

 bitter. Leaves pinnate. Racemes axillary. Flowers dark purple. 



Z. arpiifolia L'Her. River banks, N. Y. to Ga. Lvs. clustered at top of the short, 

 thick stem ; leaflets 5, sessile, incised ; racemes compound. Fls. 3" broad. Apr. 



6. NIGELLA, L. FENNEL-FLOWER. Sep. 5, petaloid. Pet 5, 3-cleft. 

 Pistils 5, becoming as many follicles which are distinct or united. Lvs. 

 l-2-pinnately divided into linear-subulate segments. Fig. 343. 



1 N. DAMASCENA. Ragged Lady. Flowers in a leafy involucre ; carpels united into a 



roundish, tuuiid capsule. From Spain. 2f. Flowers light blue. June Aug. 



2 N. SATIVA. Nutmeg-flower. Hairy; flowers not involucrate ; carpels distinct. Egypt 



