134 ORDER 63. UMBELLIFER^E. 



bels. Calyx adherent to the ovary. Petals 5, usually inflected at the point 

 Stamens 5. Ovaries 2-carpelled, surmounted by the fleshy disk which "bears 

 the petals and stamens. Styles 2, distinct, or united at their thickened 

 bases. Fruit a creraocarp (151), consisting of 2 coherent achenia called 

 inericarps, which separate along the middle space, which is calle-d tha 

 commissure. 



tfarpopftore, the Blender, simple, or forked axis attached to and supporting the mert- 



carps at top, enclosed between them at the commissure. 



JRibs, 5 ridges traversing each mericarp lengthwise, and often 4 intermediate or second- 

 ary ones, some, all, or none of them winged. 



Vittce, little tubular receptacles of colored volatile oil imbedded in the substance of 

 the pericarp, just beneath the intervals of the ribs, and also sometimes in tie face of 

 the commissure. 



Embryo in the base of abundant, horny albumen. 

 Figs. 42, 177, 235, 238, 303, 334-5, 360, 442-3. 



A large and well-defined Order. As the flowers in all are nearly alike, the genera arc 

 best distinguished by characters taken from the fruit the number and form of the ribs, 

 the presence or absence of vittas, the form of the albumen at the commissure, &c. Theso 

 parts, therefore, minute as they are, will require the special attention of the student. 



Flowers in simple umbels, sometimes spicate. Leaves simple... (a) 

 Flowers in capitate umbels, i. ., sessile, forming dense heads... (6) 

 Flowers in regularly-compound umbels, not sessile in beads. . ;(2) 



2 Fruit flattened on the back, singly-winged on the margin only...(<!) 

 2 Fruit flattened on the back, doubly-winged on the margin only. . .(d) 

 2 Fruit flattened on the sides, or terete and not flattened either way... (3) 



3 Fruit slender, teretish, 23 times longer than wide. Flowers white. . .(e) 

 3 Fruit nearly as broad as long. m Flowers yellow. . .(/) 



m Flowers white... (4) 



4 Ribs of the fruit either muricate, or crenulate-winged...C7.) 

 4 Ribs smooth, entire, winged or sharply prominent... (/*) 

 4 Ribs obtuse or obsolete. n Calyx teeth obsolete or 0. . .(A-) 

 n Calyx teeth prominent. . .(I) 



a Fruit flat, orbicular. Leaves round or roundish HYIJROCOTTT.M. 



a Fruit globular. Leaves linear, fleshy phyllodia CRANTZIA. 



b Flowers partly sterile. Fruit densely muricate, few SANICULA. 



b Flowers all fertile. Frnit scaly, many in the head EKTNGIUM. 



c Flowers of two sorts, the marignal with enlarged corollas, radiant HKRACLEUM. 



e Flowers all alike. o Fruit with a thick, corky margin. Vittae 00 POLYT^BNIA. 



o Fruit with a thin margin. Vittae single PEUCEDANUH. 



d Seed adherent to the pericarp. Intervals with single vittac ANGELICA. 8 



d Seed loose in the pericarp. Intervals with numerous vittae ARCHANG^LICA. 9 



Beak slender, longer than the fruit, all without vittae. South SCANDIX. 10 



Beak short or none. p Fruit clavate, upwardly hispid OSMORHIZA. 11 



p Fruit smooth, linear-oblong. Styles very short CmcROPHYLi,UM.12 



p Fruit smooth, elliptical. Styles very slender CRYPTOTJEXIA. 13 



/ Involucels of 5 ovate, entire bracts. Leaves simple, entire BUPLEURUM. 14 



/ Involucels of 3 subulate bracts. r Fruit laterally compressed CARUM. 15 



r Fruit subterete transversely THASPIOM. 16 



/ Involucra none. s Fruit laterally compressed. Vittae GO PIMPINELLA. 17 



a Fruit transversely subterete. Vittae single FCENICULUM. 18 



</ Calyx teeth prominent. Ribs of the fruit muricate DACCUS. 19 



ff Calyx teeth obsolete. Ribs of the fruit crenulate-undulate CONIUM. 20 



k Marginal wings twice broader than the dorsal SKLINUM. 21 



ft Marginal and dorsal ribs alike sharp, u with GO vittae LIGUSTICUM 22 



it with single vittie /ETHUSA. 23 



tt Frtiit a double globe. Petals not inflected. Low, early-flowering ERIGKNIA 24 



k Fruit (M ttte-oblong. Petals emargiuate-inflected. luvolucraO CARUM. 16 



