148 ORDER 67. RUBIACE.E. 



1. GALIUM, L. CLEAVERS. BEDSTRAW. Calyx limb minutely 4- 

 toothecl. Cor. rotate, 4-cleft. Sta. 4, short. Sty. 2. Carpels 2, united, 

 separating into 2 1-seeded, indehiscent nutlets. Herbs with slender, 4- 

 angled stems. Yerticels of 4, 6, or 8 leaves, rarely of 5. 



a Flowers yellow. Leaves in whorls of about 8. Fruit smooth No. 1 



a Flowers dull-purple. Leaves (large) in whorls of 4. Fruit hispid or not. .Nos. 2- A 



a Flowers white. ft Leaves in 4's on! y. Fruit dry. Panicle terminal No. 5 



o Leave? in 4's only. Fruit smooth, purple berries Nos. 6, 7 



b Leaves in 4's G's.c Fruit hispid with hooked hairs No. 8 



c Fruit smooth or nearly BO, dry. .Nos. 9 II 

 b Leaves in 8's, long and narrow. Fruit hispid No. 12 



1 G. verum L. Yellow Bedstraw. Erect; Ivs. in S's, grooved, entire, rough, linear; 



fls. densely paniculate. it Dry soils, Mass. 1 2f. Branches short. June. Eur. 



2 G. pilosum Ait. Hirsute ; Ivs. in 4's, oval, punctate with pellucid dots ; ped. several 



times 2- or 3-forked; fls. pedicellate, densely hispid, it Dry thickets. 1 2f. June. 



3 G. circaezans MX. Wild Liquorice. Smoothish ; Ivs. oval or ovate-lanceolate, ob- 



tuse, 3-veiued, ciliate on the margins and veins ; ped. divaricate, few-flowered ; fr. 

 eubscssile, nodding, hispid, if. Woods : common. 812'. July. 



ft. lanctolaiiiiH, Very smooth; leaves lanceolate. 2' long ; fruit sessile. 



y. montanum. Dwarf; leaves obovate. White Mountains. (Oakes.) 



4 G. latlfolium MX. St. erect, smooth; Ivs. lanceolate, 3-veincd, very acute ; pert. 



axillary (leafy) a d terminal, about twice 3-forked ; purple flowers and smooth fruit 

 on filiform pedicels, it Woody hills, Pa. S. and W. 2f. July. 



5 G. l>oreale L. Erect, smooth ; Ivs. linear-lanceolate, rather acute, 3-veined, smooth ; 



fls. in a terminal pyramidal panicle, if Shaded rocks, N. If. July. 



6 G. liispiclulum MX. Diffuse, minutely hispid ; Ivs. oval, thickish. mostly acute; 



ped. axillary, 1-8-flwd. ; fr. large, bluish-purple, if Sandy. S. 2f. May Oct. 



7 G. uiiifloru til MX. Glabrous, ciespitons, slender ; Ivs. linear, acute ; ped. axillary, 



solitary, mostly 1-flwd. bracted ; fr. purple, it Damp woods, S. If. May. 



8 G. trifloruni MX. Stems weak, rough on the angles ; Ivs. in 5's and G's, lance-el- 



liptic, cusp-pointed, 1-vcined ; ped. mostly 3-flowered. it Moist woods. 1 3f. July. 



9 G. asprellnm MX. Rough Cleavers. St. diffuse, very branching, rough backward , 



Ivs. in G's, 5's, or 4's, lanceolate, acuminate, or cuspidate, margin and midvein re- 

 trorsely aculeate ; ped. short, in 2's or 3's. it Thickets, N. 2 5f. July. 



10 G. tri fid urn L. Dyer's Cleavers. Goose-grans, St. decumbent, very branching, 

 ronghish with retrorse prickles ; Ivs. in G's and 4's, linear-oblong or oblanceolate, ob- 

 tuse, rough-edged ; flowers mostly 3-partcd. it Swamps. (X. July. Variable. 



p. tincloriinn. Ped. 3-6-flowered ; parts of the flower in 4's. The root dyes red. 

 y. ItitifoUuin. Lvs. in 4's, oblanceolate ; ped. 3-flowcred ; fls. 4-parted. 



11 G. couciimuiu T. & G. St. decumbent, diffuse, scabrous; Ivs. in G's, linear, 

 glabrous, 1-veincd, scabrous upward on the margins; ped. filiform, twice or thrice 



* 3-forked, panicled. it Dry woods, Pa. Va. 111. If. June. 



12 G. Aparine L. St. weak, procumbent, retrorsely prickly ; Ivs. in 8's, 7"s, or G's, 

 lincar-oblanceolatc, mucronate ; ped. axillary, 1-2-flwd. (T) Wet thickets, N. 3-5f. Jn. 



2. RUBIA, Totirn. MADDER. Like Galium, but its flowers are mostly 

 5-mcrous, and its fruit always smooth and berry-like. 



It. TINCTORUM L. Stem weak, rough backward; Ivs. in G's, lanceolate, aculeate ; fls. 

 brownish-yellow, paniculate above, with 3-forked peduncles. Europe. 3 5f. 



3. MITCHELLA, L. PARTRIDGE BERRY. Flowers 2 on each double 

 ovary Cal. 4-parted. Cor. funnel-shaped, hairy within. Stani. 4, short. 



