ORDER 69. DIPSACE^E. 151 



volute, at length evolving a plumous pappus. Cor. funnel-form, regular, 

 5-cleft. Sta. 3. Fruit 1-oellecl, 1-seeded. 11 Leaves opposite, mostly pin- 

 nately divided. Flowers in close cymes. June, July. 



Stems climbing and twining. Leaves ternately divided, long-stalked No. 1 



Stem erect. a Leaves and leaflets broad, somewhat ovate. Root fibrous... Nos. 2, 3 



a Leaves and leaflets narrow, nearly linear. Root fusiform No. 4 



t Garden exotic*, native of Europe .Nos. 5 8 



1 V. Rcandens L. Glabrous ; Ifts. ovate, thin, entire, pointed ; cymes diffusely pani- 



cled, axillary and terminal ; corolla very short. E. Fla. 4 6f, slender. 



2 V. panciflora MX. Rt. Ivg. ovate, cordate, crcnate-serrate ; cauline of 3 7 ovate, 



toothed Ifts. ; cor. tube long (7 8") and slender, rose-white. O. to Va. and W. 1 2f. 



3 V. sylvatlca Richd. Rt. IVP. ovate or oblong, never cordate, entire ; cauline of 5 



11 lance-ovate, entire Ifts. ; cor. short (3 4"), roseate. Swamps, Vt. and W. 



4 V. edulis N. Smooth, thickish ; root Ivs. linear-spatulate, entire ; cauline of 37 



lance-linear, acute segm., the margins ciliate ; cor. white, short (2 3")i in a dense 

 panicle. Low grounds, O. Wis. and W. The thick root is edible. 1 3f. 



5 V. DIOICA. Root Ivs. undivided ; cauline pinnatifid ; fls. panicled, $ ?, blush. If. 



6 V. PHU. Root Ivs. undivided ; cauline pinnate ; fls. corymbed, s , white. 3f. 



7 V. OFFICINALIS. Lvs. all pinnate and toothed ; fls. corymbed, blush-colored. 3f. 



8 V. PYRENAICA. Lvs. cordate, toothed, upper pinnate ; fls. corymbed, pink-red. 1 2f. 



2. VALERIANELLA, Mcench. DC. Calyx limb obsolete. Cor. tube 

 short, not spurred, limb 5-lobed, regular. Sta. 3. Stig. 3-cleft or entire. 

 Fr. 3-celled, 1-seeded, 2 cells empty. (I) Stems forked above. Lvs. oppo- 

 site, oblong or linear, entire or toothed, sessile. Fls. in dense, terminal 

 cymelets. The specific characters are afforded mainly by the fruit. (Fedia, 

 Gaert. T. & G.) 



* Flowers pale blue. Fruit orbicular, fertile cell larger than the empty No. 1 



* Flowers white. a Fruit ovoid, fertile cell larger than the 2 empty Nos. 2. 3 



a Fruit subglobons, empty cells larger than the fertile. . ..Nos. 4, 5 



1 V. olltorla Mrpnch. Lamb Lettvce. Fr. finally broader than long ; fertile cell with 



a corky back, seed laterally compressed. Fields, N. Y. to Va. : rare. 8 12'. June. 



2 V. Fagopyrum. Fruit smooth, ovoid-triangnlar, the empty cells at the obtuse 



angle, and no groove between ; fls. large (H"). W. N-Y. to Wis. If. June. 



3 V. radlata Dufr. Fruit pubescent, ovoid, somewhat 4-angled, 1-toothed at apex ; 



empty cells with a groove between ; fls. small ($"). N. Y. (Howe) to Mich., and S. 



4 V. umbilicata. Fr. inflated, apex 1-toothed, the anterior face deeply umbilicatn 



and perforated into the empty cells, which are much larger. Ohio (Sullivant). 



5 V. patellarla. Fruit orbicular, flattened, the empty cells widely divergent, at 



length forming a winged margin to the fertile cell. N. Y. to O. (Howe, Svlliranf .) 



ORDER LXIX. DIPSACE^E. TEASELWORTS. 



Herbs with whorled or opposite leaves and no stipules. Flowers in dense 

 heads, surrounded by an involucre as in Composite. Calyx adherent, pap- 

 pus-like, surrounded by a special scarious involucel. Corolla tubular. Sta- 

 mens 4, alternate with the lobes of corolla, and distinct. Ovary inferior, 

 1-celled, 1-ovuled. Style 1, simple. Fruit dry, indehiscent, with a single 

 suspended seed. Fig. 441. 



1. DIPSACUS, L. TEASEL. Fls. in heads. Involucre many-leaved. 



