ORDER 70. COMPOSITE. 175 



angular. Pap. a few minute caducous awns or bristles. U Scabrous, with 

 square stems, opposite, petioled, 8-veined leaves and long peduncled heads. 

 Corolla white. Anthers black, tipped with a white appendage. 



1 in. liastata MX. Lvs. hastately 3-lobed, acuminate, dentate ; PC. lance-ovate, acu- 



minate, pales rigid, cusp-pointed. Dry soils, S. Car. to Fla., and W. 3 6f. Jl. Sept. 



2 Itt. deltoidea MX. Lvs. ovate-deltoid; scales ovate; pales or chaff obtuse. S. Fia. 



50. ZINNIA, L. Ray-fls. ligulate, ? ; disk tubular, $ . Sc. oval, mar- 

 gined, imbricate. Recep. chaffy, conical. Pap. of the disk of 1 or 2 erect, 

 flat awns. American herbs, with opposite, entire leaves and solitary 

 terminal heads. Rays bright-colored, showy. 



1 Z. multiflora L. Lvs. lance-oblong, sess. ; peduncles scarcely longer than the Ive. ; 



raye oval, shorter than the invol. ; fr. 1-awned ; pales entire. Fields, S. 6'-2f. May,Ju. 



2 Z. ELEGANS L. Lvs. ovate, cordate, sessile and clasping ; peduncles much longer than 



the leaves ; pales serrated; fruit 2-awned. Mexico. 2 4f. Fls. single or double, of 

 all colors, often brilliant, blooming in gardens throughout the Summer. 



51. HELIOPSIS, Pers. OX-ETE. Invol. imbricate, with ovate, sub- 

 equal scales. Rays linear, large, $ ; disk 5 . Recep. chaffy, conical, the 

 pales lanceolate. Fruit 4-sided. Pappus 0. 1C Leaves opposite. Heads 

 large. Flowers yellow, like Helianthus. 



H. Irevis Pers. St. smooth ; Ivs. ovate-oblong to lanceolate, coarsely serrate, petiolate, 

 3-veined, smooth beneath. Hedges and thickets : common. 3 5f. June, July. 

 ft. g-racilis. Slender, 2f ; Ivs. lance-ovate, scabrous, acute at base. 

 y. gcabra. Stem and leaves scabrous, yellowish ; leaves truncate at base. W. 6f. 



52. TETRAGONOTHECA, Dill. Hcls. radiate. Invol. double, the 

 outer of 4 leafy bracts united at base, the inner of 8 small scales similar to 

 the chaff of the conical receptacle. Ach. smooth, truncate, destitute of 

 pappus, n Clothed with viscid hairs, opposite leaves, with 1 or few yel- 

 low-flowered, large heads, on long peduncles. 



T. lieliaiithoides L. Sandy soils. Va., and S. 3f. A stout, coarse, unsightly herb. 

 Leaves ovate, sessile, repand-toothed. Rays spreading nearly 3'. April June. 



53. ECHINACEA, Mocnch. PURPLE CONE-FLOWER. Scales of the 

 invol. in 2 or 3 rows. Ray-fls. neutral ; disk-fls. 5 . Recep. conic, bristling 

 with stiff, spiny pales. Cyp. 4-angled. Pap. a few teeth. 2{ Branches each 

 with 1 large head. Leaves alternate. Rays rose-purple, drooping. 



1 E. purpurea Mcench. Very rough ; lower Ivs. broad-ovate, 5-veinecl, cauline lance- 



ovate, acuminate, nearly entire ; rays 12 15, very long (-2 3'), bifid. Thickets, W. and 

 S. 4f. July-Sept. Varies in roughness, and with white rays. (See Addenda.) 



2 E. aiigustll'olia DC. St. hispid, slender; Ivs. all entire, hispid-pubescent, 3-vein , 



cd, lanceolate to lance-linear; rays 1215, narrow, 12' long. Prairies and marshes, 

 111. Mo., and S. 2 3f. Rays sometimes white. May July. (See Addenda.) 



3 E. atrombeiis N. Smooth or rough; stem simple, furrowed ; Ivs. lance-linear to 



linear, rigid, the lower 3-veined; rays 811, shorter than the disk (!'); scales in 3 

 rows ; pappus of 4 teeth. Damp barrens, Ga. Fla., and W. 2f. June Aug. 



54. RUDBECKIA, L. Invol. scales nearly equal, leafy, in a double 

 row, 6 in each. Ray-fls. neutral ; disk $ . Recep. conic or columnar, with 



